Governance of Multi-sectoral Interventions to Promote Healthy Living in Latin America and the Caribbean
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)
region has been experiencing a rapid demographic and
epidemiological transition which has important health and
economic consequences. Not only is the population aging
rapidly, but it is also experiencing major changes in
lifestyle. This has altered the disease and mortality
profile, reflected in the increasing weight of
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease,
stroke, cancer and diabetes. These conditions also represent
an increasing economic and development threat to households,
health systems, and economies. The study also ranked tobacco
use among the first five risk factors in LAC and alcohol
abuse as the main risk factor in all sub-regions, with the
exception of the Caribbean and southern LAC, where alcohol
was ranked among the first five. However, voluntary actions
are often ineffective and policymakers have replaced them
with regulations. For example, in Europe, Canada, and the
US, early voluntary nutrition labeling actions failed to
meet government standards and expectations which led
governments to use mandatory guidelines. In New York City,
authorities encouraged restaurants to voluntarily provide
easily-seen nutrition information to customers, but, as this
did not occur, the City passed a regulation. In general,
policymakers and health advocates often gauge and mobilize
public opinion to support these health promotion policies
and ensure their design and implementation.
Palabras clave
ADOLESCENT, AGING, AGRICULTURE, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL ABUSE, ALCOHOL POLICIES, ALCOHOL PURCHASE, ALCOHOL SALES, BUTTER, CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH, CHRONIC DISEASES, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, CORONARY HEART DISEASE, COST EFFECTIVENESS, DANGERS, DIABETES, DIETS, ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, EFFECTIVE TOBACCO CONTROL, EFFECTIVE TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES, FATS, FOOD INDUSTRY, FOOD PREFERENCES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FRUITS, GAUGE, GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEART DISEASE, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, LABELING, LAWS, LEGAL DRINKING AGE, LIFESTYLES, MARKETING, MORTALITY, NUTRITION, OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICIANS, PROCESSED FOODS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC PLACES, REDUCING TOBACCO USE, RESTAURANTS, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK FACTORS, SCHOOLS, SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS, SMOKING, SMOKING IN PUBLIC, SODIUM, SUGAR, SUGARS, TOBACCO, TOBACCO CONTROL, TOBACCO CONTROL MEASURES, TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES, TOBACCO CONTROL POLICY, TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, TOBACCO USE, VEGETABLES