Lignin as a renewable precursor for carbon quantum dots: synthesis, doping strategies, and applications.
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Lignin‐derived carbon quantum dots (L‐CDs) are promising sustainable nanomaterials with exceptional properties and broad applications. This review explores their synthesis, characteristics, and uses, highlighting the valorization of lignin, a renewable biopolymer, in line with green chemistry and bioeconomy principles. Transforming the lignin into L‐CDs leverages its high carbon content and structural properties, aligning with green chemistry and contributing to a sustainable bioeconomy. L‐CDs exhibit fluorescence, biocompatibility, and low toxicity, making them suitable for various applications. Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods are widely used, and the lignin source does not strongly influence L‐CD structure or size. Heteroatom doping, particularly with nitrogen and sulfur, enhances optical properties and functionality. Quantum yield values above 20% associated with higher dopant concentrations. Still, the effect of lignin's botanical origin on L‐CD properties remains unclear and needs further investigation. Despite progress, challenges remain in standardizing synthesis, optimizing production, and deepening structure–property understanding. In conclusion, L‐CDs offer significant potential as sustainable, functional nanomaterials. Future research should address existing gaps to unlock their full potential in advancing bioeconomy‐driven technologies.
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Sustainable nanomaterial, Nanomaterial sustentável, Bioeconomy, Química verde, Bioeconomia, Carbon quantum, Carbono quântico, Lignina, Carbono, Lignin, Green chemistry, Carbon