Labor Markets in Rural and Urban Haiti : Based on the First Household Survey for Haiti
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This paper addresses labor markets in
Haiti, including farm and nonfarm employment and income
generation. The analyses are based on the first Living
Conditions Survey of 7,186 households covering the whole
country and representative at the regional level. The
findings suggest that four key determinants of employment
and productivity in nonfarm activities are education,
gender, location, and migration status. This is emphasized
when nonfarm activities are divided into low-return and
high-return activities. The wage and producer income
analyses reveal that education is key to earning higher
wages and incomes. Moreover, producer incomes increase with
farm size, land title, and access to tools, electricity,
roads, irrigation, and other farm inputs.
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ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO CREDITS, ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, ACCESS TO IRRIGATION, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL WAGE LABOR, ANNUAL EARNINGS, ANNUAL INCOMES, ANNUAL WAGE, AVERAGE ANNUAL RETURN, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BENEFICIARY, BENEFICIARY GROUPS, CALCULATIONS, CLEAN DRINKING WATER, COLLATERAL, COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE, CONSUMER, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONTRIBUTION, CROPS, DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DISCRIMINATION, DIVERSIFICATION, DROUGHT, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC CHANGES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMICS, EDUCATED INDIVIDUALS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXTENSION, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY SIZE, FAMINE, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM INCOME, FARM INCOMES, FARM PRODUCTION, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FARM SECTOR, FARM SIZE, FARM TECHNOLOGY, FARM-WORKERS, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING ACTIVITIES, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE WORKERS, FERTILITY, FERTILIZERS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FISH, FOOD SECURITY, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER GAP, HEALTH CARE, HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INCREASES, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME SOURCES, INCREASE IN INCOME, INEQUALITIES BETWEEN MEN, INEQUALITY, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMED DECISIONS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, IRRIGATION, KIND OF INVESTMENT, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND REFORM, LAND TENURE, LATIN AMERICAN, LESS EDUCATED PEERS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY, LIVESTOCK, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOW WAGES, MALNUTRITION, MARKETING, MEAT, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MODERNIZATION, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NUTRITION, OLDER WORKERS, PEACE, PESTICIDES, PILOT PROJECTS, POLICE FORCE, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POOR, POOR FAMILIES, POOR FARMERS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION DATA, POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY SITUATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROBABILITIES, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUESTIONNAIRE, RATES OF RETURN, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, RESEARCH ASSISTANCE, RISK FACTORS, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL FEMALE, RURAL LABOR, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATION GROWTH, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION, RURAL TOWNS, RURAL WORKERS, SAFETY NETS, SALES, SCHOOLING, SCIENTISTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SKILL LEVEL, SKILLED WORKERS, SMALL FARMERS, SMALL FARMS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOIL EROSION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POVERTY, VEGETABLES, VULNERABLE SEGMENTS, WAGE DISPARITIES, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, WORKFORCE, WORKING POPULATION, WORTH, YOUNG CHILDREN