Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector

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dc.creatorWane, Waly
dc.creatorDabalen, Andrew
dc.date2012-05-29T17:45:46Z
dc.date2012-05-29T17:45:46Z
dc.date2008-03
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:20:51Z
dc.descriptionThis paper studies the relationship between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses data collected directly from health workers, during a recent public expenditure tracking survey in Tajikistan's health sector. Using informal payments as an indicator of corruption, women seem at first significantly less corrupt than men as consistently suggested by the literature. However, once power conferred by position is controlled for, women appear in fact equally likely to take advantage of corruption opportunities as men. Female-headed facilities also are not less likely to experience informal charging than facilities managed by men. However, women are significantly less aggressive in the amount they extract from patients. The paper provides evidence that workers are more likely to engage in informal charging the farther they fall short of their perceived fair-wage, adding weight to the fair wage-corruption hypothesis. Finally, there is some evidence that health workers who feel that health care should be provided for a fee are more likely to informally charge patients. Contrary to informal charging, moonlighting behavior displays strong gender differences. Women are significantly less likely to work outside the facility on average and across types of health workers.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9073869/informal-payments-moonlighting-tajikistans-health-sector
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6569
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4555
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/417265
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4555
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABUSE
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY OF CARE
dc.subjectAGGRESSIVE
dc.subjectBRIBE
dc.subjectBRIBES
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectDETRIMENTAL EFFECTS
dc.subjectDOCTOR
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DECISIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC REVIEW
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEQUALITY
dc.subjectEXCLUSION
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPOSURE
dc.subjectEXTORTION
dc.subjectFATHER
dc.subjectFATHERS
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectFINANCING OF HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectFISCAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH AFFAIRS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE NEEDS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subjectHEALTH NEEDS
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH PLANNING
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH RESOURCES
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR REFORM
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectILLEGAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFANT HEALTH
dc.subjectINFORMAL PAYMENTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectLOW INCOME
dc.subjectMEDICAL ETHICS
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectNURSE
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPAYMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPOCKET PAYMENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPROVISION OF CARE
dc.subjectPSYCHOLOGIST
dc.subjectPSYCHOLOGISTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH PROVIDERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC PROVIDERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectRECEIPT
dc.subjectRISK-TAKING
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEXUALITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectVICTIMS
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKPLACE
dc.titleInformal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector

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