Resiliencia en Sistemas Agroalimentarios: una oportunidad para la región
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Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA)
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En América Latina y el Caribe, los Sistemas Agroalimentarios (SAa) enfrentan retos crecientes que ponen a prueba su capacidad para responder a crisis globales y asegurar condiciones dignas para las poblaciones más vulnerables. Esta situación plantea la urgencia de transitar hacia un modelo más resiliente e inclusivo, en el que la seguridad alimentaria y la equidad social sean ejes de transformación. Las perturbaciones climáticas, sociales y económicas demuestran esta realidad: en la pandemia más reciente, aunque la agricultura familiar sostuvo el abastecimiento alimentario, el 80 % de los productores sufrió caídas significativas de ingresos por restricciones de movilidad y falta de acceso a mercados. Esta Nota Técnica presenta herramientas prácticas para fortalecer la capacidad de respuesta de los países, mediante un enfoque que permite a los SAa absorber choques, adaptarse a condiciones cambiantes y, cuando sea necesario, transformarse para crear mejoras estructurales que beneficien especialmente a pequeños productores, mujeres y pueblos indígenas. Asimismo, incluye experiencias de Bolivia (monitoreo climático), Honduras (cadenas de café resilientes) y Colombia (agroecología participativa), que muestran cómo integrar políticas agrícolas con gestión de riesgos, valorar conocimientos tradicionales y establecer redes de intercambio regional. Estas orientaciones ofrecen rutas concretas para fortalecer los SAa sin dejar atrás a ningún productor. La presente Nota Técnica se enmarca en un proceso regional de revisión y discusión sobre resiliencia y transición justa en SAa, que busca aportar orientaciones prácticas y reflexiones compartidas entre países de América Latina y el Caribe.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, agrifood systems (AFs) face growing challenges that test their capacity to respond to global crises and ensure decent living conditions for the most vulnerable populations. This situation highlights the urgency of moving toward a more resilient and inclusive model, where food security and social equity become key drivers of transformation. Climate, social, and economic disruptions illustrate this reality: in the most recent pandemic, although family farming sustained food supply, 80% of producers experienced significant income losses due to mobility restrictions and lack of access to markets. This Technical Note presents practical tools to strengthen countries’ response capacity through an approach that enables AFSs to better absorb shocks, adapt to changing conditions, and, when necessary, transform to generate structural improvements that particularly benefit small producers, women, and Indigenous peoples. It also includes experiences from Bolivia (climate monitoring), Honduras (resilient coffee value chains), and Colombia (participatory agroecology), which demonstrate how to integrate agricultural policies with risk management, value traditional knowledge, and establish regional exchange networks. These guidelines provide concrete pathways for countries to strengthen their AFSs without leaving any producer behind. This Technical Note is part of a regional process of review and discussion on resilience and just transition in AFSs, aimed at providing practical guidance and shared reflections among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, agrifood systems (AFs) face growing challenges that test their capacity to respond to global crises and ensure decent living conditions for the most vulnerable populations. This situation highlights the urgency of moving toward a more resilient and inclusive model, where food security and social equity become key drivers of transformation. Climate, social, and economic disruptions illustrate this reality: in the most recent pandemic, although family farming sustained food supply, 80% of producers experienced significant income losses due to mobility restrictions and lack of access to markets. This Technical Note presents practical tools to strengthen countries’ response capacity through an approach that enables AFSs to better absorb shocks, adapt to changing conditions, and, when necessary, transform to generate structural improvements that particularly benefit small producers, women, and Indigenous peoples. It also includes experiences from Bolivia (climate monitoring), Honduras (resilient coffee value chains), and Colombia (participatory agroecology), which demonstrate how to integrate agricultural policies with risk management, value traditional knowledge, and establish regional exchange networks. These guidelines provide concrete pathways for countries to strengthen their AFSs without leaving any producer behind. This Technical Note is part of a regional process of review and discussion on resilience and just transition in AFSs, aimed at providing practical guidance and shared reflections among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Palabras clave
Resiliencia, Medio de vida, Adaptabilidad, Sistema agroalimentario, Desarrollo sostenible, América Latina y el Caribe, résilience, adaptabilité, développement durable, Amérique latine et Caraïbes, resilience, livelihoods, adaptability, agrifood systems, sustainable development, Latin America and the Caribbean, resiliência, capacidade de adaptação, desenvolvimento sustentável, América Latina e Caribe, Sede Central, ODS 4 - Educación de calidad, ODS 8 - Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico, ODS 17 - Alianzas para lograr los objetivos