HIV/AIDS in Latin American Countries : The Challenges Ahead
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC: World Bank
Resumen
Descripción
HIV/AIDS in Latin America falls within
the framework of a low endemic setting. In the majority of
the countries, the epidemic is still concentrated in
high-risk populations: men who have sex with men (MSM),
injecting drug users (IDUs), commercial sex workers (CSWs),
prisoners, and people with sexually transmitted infections
(STIs). The exceptions are Honduras and southeastern Brazil,
where the epidemic has reached the general population.
Heterosexual sex is the primary mode of transmission in
Central America, with sex between men predominating in South
America, and injecting drug use playing a significant role
in the Southern Cone. Survey respondents also identified
other populations with increased vulnerability in which
interventions would be crucial-young people and women.
Although the number of men living with AIDS outweighs the
number of women in all countries, the gender gap is closing,
and in some countries, the effect of AIDS on rural
communities is increasing rapidly. In low endemic settings,
the main priority is the highest risk groups, and activities
to address HIV/AIDS should be focused on (1) strengthening
efforts to prevent new infections in these populations, and
(2) providing care and support strategies, which in turn
create incentives for early detection of infection and/or
risky behavior. Epidemiological surveillance plays a key
role in the control of the epidemic through the measurement
of frequency, distribution, and evolution of HIV/AIDS among
populations; identification of high-risk groups; and
evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention efforts.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, ADOLESCENTS, AIDS CARE, AIDS EPIDEMIC, AIDS INCIDENCE, BIOLOGICAL MARKERS, BLOOD DONORS, BLOOD SAFETY, BLOOD SUPPLY, CASES OF AIDS, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, CONDOMS, DECISION MAKING, DISCRIMINATION, DRUG USERS, EARLY DETECTION, EPIDEMICS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXPENDITURES, FIRST INTERCOURSE, GENDER, HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HETEROSEXUAL SEX, HIGH-RISK, HIGH-RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV PREVENTION, HIV TESTING, HIV TRANSMISSION, HOMOSEXUALITY, HOSPITALS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY, IMMUNE SYSTEM, IMMUNITY, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INJECTING DRUG USE, INJECTING DRUG USERS, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, LABORATORIES, MALNUTRITION, MASS MEDIA, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, MORTALITY, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, NEW INFECTIONS, NGOS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NURSES, NUTRITION, NUTRITION, PATIENTS, PATIENTS PER MONTH, PHYSICIANS, POLICY RESEARCH, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PREVENTION OF MOTHER, PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, PRISONS, PROPHYLAXIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESPONSE TO AIDS, RISK BEHAVIORS, RISK GROUPS, RISK POPULATIONS, SAFETY, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORKERS, SEXUAL BEHAVIORS, SEXUAL EDUCATION, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL SUPPORT, STIS, STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION, SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES, TRANSMISSION, TUBERCULOSIS, UNAIDS, URBAN AREAS, VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, VIRAL LOAD, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG PEOPLE HIV AIDS INFECTIONS, EPIDEMIC DISEASES, AIDS DISEASE, HIGH RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, PREVENTIVE HIV AIDS VACCINES, GOVERNANCE CAPACITY, SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, POLITICAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, HEALTH SERVICE MANAGEMENT, SOCIAL SERVICES ACCESS, NATIONAL CAPACITIES