A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
Descripción
The record of traditional safeguard
provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and
the World Trade Organization provides useful information
about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made
effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility
provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems
from their requiring objective, transparent, and
participatory decisions on the application of the import
restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural
safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within
which a Member may impose a new import restriction.
Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a
poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently
prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe
action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the
existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special
agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has
functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to
unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members
have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the
special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide
formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for
objective and participatory processes that would bring
forward relevant information and guide an objective and
balanced accounting of the interests at play.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS, ACCOUNTING, AD VALOREM, AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE, AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS, AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, ANTIDUMPING, ANTIDUMPING ACTIONS, ANTIDUMPING DUTIES, ANTIDUMPING DUTY, ANTIDUMPING MEASURES, ANTIDUMPING POLICY, ANTIDUMPING RULES, APPAREL, APPLIED TARIFF, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROVISIONS, BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS, BUFFER STOCKS, CAPITAL GOODS, COMMERCE, COMMODITY AGREEMENTS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPETITIVE PRICE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONCESSIONS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, CONTRACTING PARTIES, COUNTRY MARKETS, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CUSTOMS, DETERMINATION OF INJURY, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DUMPING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ESCAPE CLAUSE, EUROPEAN UNION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPORT RECEIPTS, EXPORT RESTRAINTS, EXPORT VOLUME, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTING COUNTRIES, EXPORTS, FARMING HOUSEHOLDS, FOREIGN COMPETITION, FOREIGN COSTS, FOREIGN MARKETS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FUNGIBLE, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS, GLOBAL ECONOMY, IMPORT DUTY, IMPORT POLICIES, IMPORT PRICE, IMPORT PROHIBITIONS, IMPORT RESTRICTION, IMPORT RESTRICTIONS, IMPORT VOLUME, IMPORTED PRODUCTS, IMPORTING COUNTRIES, IMPORTING COUNTRY, IMPORTS, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFANT INDUSTRIES, INFANT INDUSTRY, INJURIOUS DUMPING, INSTRUMENT, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, INVOICE PRICE, LEGAL OBLIGATION, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS, MARKET PRICE, MARKETING, MERCHANDISE, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, NATIONAL SECURITY, OPENNESS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESPONSE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PRICE OF IMPORTS, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, REAL INCOME, RECIPROCITY, RENEGOTIATION, RENEGOTIATIONS, REPAYMENTS, RESERVE, RESERVES, ROUND AGREEMENTS, SAFEGUARD CLAUSE, SAFEGUARD MEASURES, SPECIAL SAFEGUARD, SPECIAL TREATMENT, SPREAD, STATE TRADING, STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES, SUPPLIER, SUPPLIERS, TARIFF BINDINGS, TARIFF LINE, TARIFF LINES, TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS, TARIFF POLICY, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TARIFF SCHEDULES, TARIFF-RATE QUOTA, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE DATA, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REVIEW, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REMEDIES, TRADE RESTRICTIONS, TRADING SYSTEM, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNFAIR COMPETITION, VALUE OF IMPORTS, VER, VOLATILITY, VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT, WELFARE LOSS, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION