Year in review 2021: Near East and North Africa
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The Near East and North Africa region faces several intersecting challenges that have increased fragility, threatened resilience and exacerbated already high levels of acute food insecurity and malnutrition, including famine risk in Yemen. These include scarcity of water and arable land, climate change and climate-related disasters, conflict, land degradation, increasing population growth, and transboundary animal and plant pests and diseases. As a heavily import-dependent region, the agrifood sector has also been severely affected by increases in prices of basic food items and agricultural inputs, exacerbated by the current economic shocks, including those caused by COVID-19. This has worsened the food security situation, especially for already vulnerable families. In 2021, conflict remained the main driver of food insecurity in the region. The three conflict-affected countries in the region (the Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen) were among the top ten countries with the highest number of people in crisis or worse (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification [IPC] Phase 3 and above) levels of food insecurity in the world.
This publication gives an overview of the emergency and resilience activities implemented in the Near East and North Africa in 2021.