Tanzania Mainland Poverty Assessment
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Since the early 2000s, Tanzania has seen
remarkable economic growth and strong resilience to external
shocks. Yet these achievements were overshadowed by the slow
response of poverty to the growing economy. Until 2007, the
poverty rate in Tanzania remained stagnant at around 34
percent despite a robust growth at an annualized rate of
approximately 7 percent. This apparent disconnect between
growth and poverty reduction has raised concerns among
policy makers and researchers, leading to a consensus that
this mismatch needed to be addressed with a sense of
urgency. Over the past few years, the National Strategy for
Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA) in Tanzania has
given high priority to eradicating extreme poverty and
promoting broad-based growth. Achieving pro-poor growth has
also been widely recognized by the World Bank as a critical
strategy for accelerating progress toward its twin goals of
eliminating extreme poverty at the global level by 2030 and
boosting shared prosperity by fostering income growth among
the bottom 40 percent in every country. The official poverty
figures announced by the government in November 2013 have
revealed that the national strategy against poverty has
begun to facilitate reductions. The basic needs poverty rate
has declined from around 34 percent to 28.2 percent between
2007 and 2012, the first significant decline in the last 20
years. Identifying the policy mechanisms that have helped to
increase the participation of the poor in the growth process
and to speed pro-poor growth is therefore important for
present and future decision-making in Tanzania on how best
to eradicate poverty. Such task requires a rigorous analysis
of the evolution of poverty and of the linkages between
poverty, inequality, and economic growth. This report uses
the availability of the new Tanzanian Household Budget
Survey (HBS) for 2011 and 2012, as well as the new rebased
GDP figures released in December 2014, as an opportunity to
address these issues. More specifically, the report examines
the recent trends in poverty and inequality and their
determinants and explores how responsive poverty reduction
was to economic growth and the obstacles to achieving it.
Palabras clave
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POVERTY POVERTY, FEMALE EDUCATION, RISKS, FOOD NEEDS, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, POVERTY LINE, LANDHOLDINGS, IMPACT ON POVERTY, RURAL INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, POVERTY LEVELS, ILLITERACY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, INCOME, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY ESTIMATES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, RURAL WOMEN, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, COUNTERFACTUAL, INCOME TRANSFERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, DEATH, FOOD POLICY, NATIONAL POVERTY, POOR PEOPLE, RURAL LABOR, INEQUALITY REDUCTION, FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA, GLOBAL POVERTY, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POOR, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, MEASURES, RURAL SECTORS, POVERTY MEASURES, RURAL COMMUNITY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINES, SAFETY NETS, POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL DWELLERS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL EQUALITY, DISADVANTAGED AREAS, SAVINGS, CROP PRODUCTION, FOOD BASKET, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CASH CROPS, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HOUSEHOLD, FOOD POVERTY LINE, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, POVERTY GAP, INCOME GROWTH, FOOD PRICE, INCOME INEQUALITY, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY PERSISTENCE, TRANSFERS, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATES, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POOR HEALTH, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, POVERTY STATUS, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, CHRONIC POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, FOOD EXPENDITURES, LAND OWNERSHIP, FARMERS, RISK SHARING, FOOD PRODUCTS, POVERTY PROFILE, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, FOOD ITEMS, RURAL GAP, UNEMPLOYMENT, POVERTY LINES, RURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, RURAL COMMUNITIES, POVERTY ERADICATION, RURAL COUNTERPARTS, POVERTY INDEX, COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL DECLINE, FOOD POVERTY, RURAL SECTOR, HIGHER INEQUALITY, RURAL FAMILY, FARM ACTIVITIES, POVERTY MAPPING, RURAL POVERTY, FOOD GOODS, FEMALE EMPOWERMENT, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, RURAL ECONOMY, AGRICULTURAL LAND, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, ELIMINATION OF POVERTY, FOOD SHORTAGE, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, CHILD NUTRITION, NUTRITION, POVERTY HEAD, RURAL DIFFERENCES, ACCESS TO MARKETS, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, RURAL MARKETS, POVERTY SEVERITY, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS, HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS, CHILD MORTALITY, INSURANCE, FOOD INSECURITY, TARGETING, POVERTY INDICATORS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, POVERTY SITUATION, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, DRINKING WATER, EXTREME POVERTY, IRRIGATION, FOOD CROPS, INCOME SHARES, ACCESS TO SERVICES, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY, POOR FARMERS, RURAL POOR PEOPLE, POOR POPULATIONS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, POOR ECONOMIC GROWTH, POVERTY DYNAMICS, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, INCOME GAINS, POOR, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, INCOME QUINTILE, FOOD PRICES, MONEY TRANSFERS, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, RURAL RESIDENCE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INEQUALITY, POOR HOUSEHOLDS