Building Infrastructure and Social Capital in Rural Egypt
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Disparity in growth rates between Upper
and Lower Egypt has been dramatic. While national per capita
income averaged 3 percent growth annually beginning in the
mid 1990s, and growth rates in metropolitan areas approached
8 percent -- Upper Egypt experienced negative per capita
growth rates during the same period. By 2001, Upper Egypt
accounted for 37 percent of the country's population,
but 65 percent of the population lived below the poverty
line. Yet rural development programs under similar
conditions throughout Egypt recently experienced some
significant successes. The most notable success was a
participatory approach to rural development planning
introduced in the framework of the 1994 National Program for
Integrated Rural Development -- known as Shorouk or Sunrise.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, AGRICULTURAL CREDIT, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, BANKS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPACITY BUILDING EFFORTS, COMMUNITY DEMAND, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONFIDENCE BUILDING, CREDIT AGREEMENT, CREDIT DELIVERY, DECENTRALIZATION, DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, FEMALE, FEMALE POPULATION, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, GENDER, GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING, INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT, IRRIGATION, LOAN, LOAN OFFICERS, LOAN RECOVERY, MICRO-CREDIT, MICRO-FINANCE, MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT, PARTICIPATORY METHODS, POOR, POOR WOMEN, POVERTY LINE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL FINANCE, RURAL FINANCE PROGRAM, RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL LENDING, RURAL POOR, RURAL ROADS, RURAL SERVICES, SANITATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL FUND, SUPERVISION, SUSTAINABILITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, URBAN AREAS, VETERINARY SERVICES, VILLAGE, VILLAGE COUNCILS, VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT, VILLAGES, YOUTH, YOUTH CENTERS