Land Reforms, Poverty Reduction, and Economic Growth : Evidence from India
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Recognition of the importance of
institutions that provide security of property rights and
relatively equal access to economic resources to a broad
cross-section of society has renewed interest in the
potential of asset redistribution, including land reforms.
Empirical analysis of the impact of such policies is,
however, scant and often contradictory. This paper uses
panel household data from India, together with state-level
variation in the implementation of land reform, to address
some of the deficiencies of earlier studies. The results
suggest that land reform had a significant and positive
impact on income growth and accumulation of human and
physical capital. The paper draws policy implications,
especially from the fact that the observed impact of land
reform seems to have declined over time.
Palabras clave
AGRARIAN ECONOMY, AGRARIAN REFORM, AGRARIAN STRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURE, ALLOCATION, ARABLE LAND AREA, ASSET REDISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL AMERICA, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COLONIAL LAND, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COUNTERFACTUAL, CULTIVATION, DEMOCRACY, DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMICS, EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION, EVICTIONS, FARM ASSETS, FARM OUTPUT, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FARM SIZE, FARMS, GENDER, HIGH INEQUALITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA, HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME DYNAMICS, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME REDISTRIBUTION, INEQUALITY, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRRIGATED LAND, LAND ACQUISITION, LAND ASSETS, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND INEQUALITY, LAND LEASING, LAND MARKETS, LAND OWNERS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND PRICES, LAND QUALITY, LAND REDISTRIBUTION, LAND REFORM, LAND REFORM BENEFICIARIES, LAND REFORMS, LAND RENTAL, LAND RIGHTS, LAND TENURE, LAND TRANSFERS, LAND USE, LAND UTILIZATION, LANDLESS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LANDLESSNESS, LANDLORDS, LANDOWNERS, LATIN AMERICAN, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, MACROECONOMICS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLIGARCHY, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POINTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL INFLUENCE, POLITICAL POWER, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POOR TENANTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SPENDING, REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES, REDISTRIBUTIVE REFORM, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CREDIT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL LABOR, RURAL POPULATION, SOCIAL COSTS, SOUTH AMERICA, TRANSACTION COSTS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, WAR