Antimicrobial use practices in the livestock sector in Tajikistan
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The Understanding Antimicrobial Use in Food and Agriculture series is a compilation of country reports, each describing antimicrobial use (AMU) practices and awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the livestock sector. The data presented in these reports was obtained through knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) field surveys conducted with farmers of priority livestock production systems, field veterinarians, veterinary pharmacies, and feed mills. This issue of the series summarizes the results of interviews performed in Tajikistan between February and July 2022.In Tajikistan, surveys targeted 603 farms of priority livestock production systems (beef cattle, dairy cattle, small ruminants, chickens, bees, and backyard), 103 veterinarians, 112 veterinary pharmacies and 12 feed mills. Participants were interviewed face-to-face between 15 February and 19 July 2022. Farm surveys were conducted along with the collection of faecal and milk samples for AMR testing. After completion of the survey, participants were provided with an information leaflet on the use of antibiotics in livestock, and misconceptions were explained to them.This report is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive overview of AMU in the livestock sector in Tajikistan, including the sources of antibiotics, the main use patterns (e.g. common routes of administration; the aim of use, such as treatment, prevention or growth promotion; and the use in different age groups), the main indications of antimicrobial treatment, drugs used in different animal species, the handling of antibiotics, and awareness of AMR. The analysis found important gaps in the knowledge and practices of participants, such as the use of antimicrobials to enhancegrowth or production, the lack of some biosecurity measures, and the supply of antibiotics without prescriptions. Targeting these gaps in the future could lead to a reduced need for antimicrobials and would support the prudent use of them, thus reducing the risk of AMR development.