Esterification of free fat acids from waste cooking oil using BiVO4 photocatalysts under visible irradiation.
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Herein, we report the FFA photoesterifcation of waste cooking oil (WCO) using a BiVO4 and visible irradiation. Despite undergoing treatments under diferent temperatures (120 °C and 150 °C), both synthesized samples presented high crystallinity and similar morphologies, corresponding to a mixture composed of the scheelite structure of monoclinic and tetragonal phases of BiVO4. The FFA conversions with the photocatalysts were signifcantly higher than the non-catalytic reactions. The gas chromatography analysis shows that the products are composed of a mixture of ethyl esters and a low amount of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). The results demonstrate that the photoesterifcation of FFA of non-edible vegetable oils can be driven by BiVO4 photocatalysts under visible irradiation, at regular temperature, reduced ethanol/oil molar ratio, and
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Bismuth vanadate, Waste cooking oil, Free-fat acids, Photoesterifcation, Ethyl esters, Fatty acid ethyl esters