Is the Emerging Nonfarm Market Economy the Route Out of Poverty in Vietnam?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Are the household characteristics that
are good for transition to a more diversified
market-oriented development process in Vietnam also
important for reducing poverty? Or are there tradeoffs? The
determinants of both poverty incidence and participation in
rural off-farm activities are modeled as functions of
household and community characteristics using comprehensive
national household surveys for 1993 and 1998. Despite some
common causative factors, such as education and region of
residence, the processes determining poverty and inhibiting
diversification are clearly not the same. Participation in
the emerging rural nonfarm market economy will be the route
out of poverty for some, but certainly not all, of
Vietnam's poor.
Palabras clave
NONFARM SECTOR, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, NONFARM INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, DIVERSIFICATION, RURAL POVERTY, NONFARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, OFF FARM EMPLOYMENT, LAND MARKETS, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, URBANIZATION, DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ANALYTICAL WORK, CDF, COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS, COMMUNITY LEVEL, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION GROWTH, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS, CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DIVERSIFICATION, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC WELFARE, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL MODEL, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EMPLOYMENT, ERROR TERM, ERROR TERMS, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARMING HOUSEHOLDS, FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION, FIXED EFFECTS, GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, GLOBAL CONDITIONS, GROWTH RATES, GROWTH REGRESSION, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, INSURANCE, LABOR MARKETS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL COMMUNITY, MARGINAL EFFECT, MARKET ACTIVITIES, MARKET ECONOMY, MEASUREMENT ERROR, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR GAIN, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY STATUS, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC SERVICES, REDUCING POVERTY, REFORM PROGRAM, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL SETTINGS, SAFETY NET, SCALE ECONOMIES, SHARECROPPING, SIGNIFICANT EFFECT, SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, SOCIAL SERVICES, STATE INTERVENTION, STATISTICAL OFFICE, TERMS OF TRADE, TRADEOFFS, TRANSACTION COSTS, URBAN AREAS, URBANIZATION