Fertilizer Use in African Agriculture : Lessons Learned and Good Practice Guidelines
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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In every region of the world, the
intensification of crop-based agriculture has been
associated with a sharp increase in the use of chemical
fertilizer. Given the generally low levels of fertilizer use
in Africa, there can be little doubt that fertilizer use
must increase in Africa if the region is to meet its
agricultural growth targets, poverty reduction goals, and
environmental sustainability objectives. For this reason,
policies and programs are needed to encourage fertilizer use
in ways that are technically efficient, economically
rational, and market-friendly. Including this introduction,
this report contains eight chapters. Chapter 2 sets the
stage by discussing agriculture's role in the overall
economic development process and explaining why agricultural
development often leads to patterns of growth that are
strongly pro-poor. Chapter 3 briefly recounts the history of
fertilizer promotion efforts in Africa. Chapter 4 outlines
the reasons for low fertilizer use in Africa. Chapter 5
examines factors that influence fertilizer demand and
identifies entry points at which public interventions can
strengthen effective demand at the farm level. Chapter 6
examines the factors that determine the supply of fertilizer
and identifies entry points for public interventions to
improve fertilizer supply. Chapter 7 identifies potential
entry points at which public investments may be effective
for fostering desirable change in a country's
fertilizer sector. Chapter 8 summarizes the main points made
in the report and concludes the discussion.
Palabras clave
AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT, AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, CAPACITY BUILDING, CD, CEREAL YIELDS, CEREALS, CHEMICAL FERTILIZER, CIMMYT, CONSUMERS, COOPERATIVES, CROP, CROP INSURANCE, CROP MANAGEMENT, CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, CROP PRICES, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES, CROP YIELDS, CROPPING, CROPPING SEASONS, CROPS, CULTIVATED LAND, CULTIVATION, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, FALLOWING, FAO, FARM, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING, FERTILIZER, FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION, FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT, FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION, FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS, FERTILIZER IMPORTS, FERTILIZER MARKET, FERTILIZER PRICES, FERTILIZER PRODUCTION, FERTILIZER PRODUCTS, FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES, FERTILIZER SUBSIDY, FERTILIZER USE, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GRAIN, GRAIN STORAGE, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE, IFPRI, INCOME GROUPS, INNOVATION, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS, INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT CENTER, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL MAIZE AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CENTER, LAND DEGRADATION, LOWERING TRADE BARRIERS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MAIZE, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET POWER, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, PHOSPHATE, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, PRICE CONTROLS, PRICE INCENTIVES, PRICE SUBSIDIES, PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS, PRODUCER PRICES, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, PURCHASING, PURCHASING POWER, RENT SEEKING, RETAIL, RICE, SEED, SOIL CONSERVATION, SOIL FERTILITY, SOILS, STARTER PACKS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, TRADE POLICIES, TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE, TROPICAL AGRICULTURE, UNEP, UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, WATER CONSERVATION, WEALTH, WHEAT