The World Trade Organization's Doha Cotton Initiative : A Tale of Two Issues
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Four West African nations have demanded that the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda include a Cotton Initiative that involves two issues: cutting cotton subsidies and tariffs, and assisting farm productivity growth in Africa. The authors provide estimates of the potential economic impacts of (1) complete or partial removal of cotton subsidies and import tariffs globally, and (2) cotton productivity growth through the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. They use the latest version of the GTAP database and model. Their results confirm that-unlike for other agricultural subsidies and tariffs-for cotton it is subsidy reductions rather than tariff cuts that would make by far the largest impact. For Sub-Saharan Africa the potential gains are huge relative to the effects on that region of reforming other merchandise trade policies. And they could be more than doubled if that reform provided the cash for farmers to take advantage of the biotechnology revolution and adopt GM cotton varieties. But those potential gains, and the affordability of switching to costly GM seed, depend crucially on the extent to which high-income countries are willing to lower domestic support to their cotton farmers.
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AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURE, BASE YEAR, BENCHMARK, BILATERAL TRADE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, CAPITA INCOMES, CGIAR, CLOTHING, COMMODITY, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, COTTON, COTTON INDUSTRY, COTTON PRODUCTION, COTTON SECTOR, COTTON SEEDS, COUNTERVAILING MEASURES, CROP, CROP INSURANCE, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC STRUCTURES, EXPORT, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT SUBSIDY, EXPORTS, FAO, FARM, FARM INCOME, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FARMERS, FARMING, FIBRES, FLAX, FOOD CROPS, GDP, INCOME, LDCS, MERCHANDISE, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NET EXPORTS, PESTICIDE, POOR FARMERS, PRODUCTION OF COTTON, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, RICE, SEED, SMALL FARMERS, SPRING, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, TAX, TEXTILE, TEXTILE INDUSTRY, TEXTILES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, URUGUAY ROUND, VALUE ADDED, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, YIELDS