Uruguay : The Rural Sector and Natural Resources, Volume 1. Main Report
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Washington, DC
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The report reviews the macroeconomic
perspectives of Uruguay, focused on its rural development
and natural resources intensive sectors, to form the basis
for expanding agricultural production, and increasing
productivity. It reviews the country's sectoral
composition, exports of natural resource intensive products,
and labor and capital use, as well as the tax burden.
Although agriculture represents less than ten percent of the
gross domestic product (GDP) of Uruguay, the combination of
agriculture, and agro-industry makes up twenty three percent
of GDP, of which half of the output is exported, which
represented in 2000, seventy three percent of the
country's total export earnings, with the composition
of exports, significantly diversified. Nonetheless, the
agricultural sector remains vulnerable to both external
shocks, and domestic factors, and, while the
government's ability to ameliorate the impacts of these
shocks is limited, the likely increasing importance of
international trade calls for a long-term approach to
agricultural, and agro-industrial development. Regarding the
socioeconomic dimensions of the rural economy, its income
distribution is the least-skewed in the region, but,
regardless of the relatively small number of rural poor -
highly dependent on wage labor - given the high levels of
literacy, future efforts should be oriented towards
improving secondary, and technical education. Although the
agricultural sector has demonstrated a capacity to innovate
by adopting technology, and diversifying both production,
and markets, production expansion, and productivity increase
must be compatible with the protection, and conservation of
its natural resource base, with a supportive public
framework in promoting rural areas, encouraged by the
private sector.
Palabras clave
RURAL ENVIRONMENT, RURAL ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, LABOR INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY, CAPITAL UTILIZATION, TAX BURDENS, AGRO-INDUSTRY EXPORTS, EXPORT EARNINGS, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, VULNERABILITY, DOMESTIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, WAGE STATISTICS, LITERACY LEVELS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, MARKET DEMAND, NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, PUBLIC POLICY, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HEALTH, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, ANNUAL RATE, BARLEY, BEEF, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY, CAPITAL USE, CARBON, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMODITIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMERS, CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, CURRENCY UNIT, DEBT, DESERTIFICATION, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DIMENSION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC RECESSION, ECONOMIC SITUATION, EFFLUENTS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPLOITATION, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL FACTORS, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISHING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FORESTRY, FREE MARKETS, GATT, GDP, GENETIC ENGINEERING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH RATE, IFAD, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, IMPROVED ACCESS, INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, INCOMES, INDEXATION, INFLATION, INFLATION RATE, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL ARENA, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRRIGATION, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MACRO POLICY, MANUFACTURING SECTOR, MARKET INSTRUMENTS, MARKETING, MONETARY POLICY, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, PASTURES, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVE SECTORS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SECTOR, REAL GDP, REAL TERMS, REDUCING POVERTY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RICE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL INCOME, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, SECTORAL COMPOSITION, SHEEP, SHORT TERM, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL EROSION, SOIL MANAGEMENT, SOILS, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, TASK TEAM LEADER, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNFAIR COMPETITION, UNITED NATIONS, URUGUAY ROUND, VOTERS, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT