Arab Republic of Egypt Urban Sector Note : Volume 1. Urban Sector Update
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Washington, DC
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The objective of this paper is to
present a succinct and up-to-date review of the urban sector
in Egypt, with a focus on issues for which there is new
insight or emerging government interest. The two main themes
of the report are the challenges facing the urban sector and
the policy implications at various levels of government.
Some of the reports mains findings are: urbanization in
Egypt takes on forms and processes which are not well
understood and as a consequence urban policies are sometimes
weak or counter productive; until now policies and actions
in the urban sector have mainly consisted of State driven,
supply-side interventions; due to the focus on development
in the desert, the dynamics of urbanism in the Nile Valley
and Delta, which together contain over 95 percent of the
country's population, have largely been ignored; and
finally it is rare that government of Egypt's urban
development projects include a strategy of capturing the
appreciation value of their investments ("unearned
increment"), cross-subsidization or cost recovery. The
note concludes with a set of recommendations of ways to
improve the government's response to the urban challenge.
Palabras clave
AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENTS, AIR POLLUTION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BUILDING CODES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILDBEARING, CHILDBEARING AGE, CITIES, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CITY DEVELOPMENT, CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, CLINICS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY FACILITIES, CORE HOUSING, COUNTRYSIDE, CROWDED HOUSING, DECLINE IN FERTILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC TRENDS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPENDITURES, FEMALE, FEMALES, FERTILITY, FERTILITY LEVELS, FERTILITY RATES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FUTURE POPULATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH IN POPULATION, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HOUSING AFFORDABILITY, HOUSING MARKETS, HOUSING POLICY, HOUSING STANDARDS, HOUSING SUBSIDIES, HOUSING SUPPLY, HOUSING UNITS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN SETTLEMENT, ILLITERACY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFORMAL HOUSING, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INHABITANTS, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERVENTIONS, JOB CREATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LAND DEVELOPMENT, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, LAND REGISTRATION, LAND SPECULATION, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LAND VALUE, LAND VALUE INCREMENTS, LARGE CITIES, LARGE POPULATION, LIFESTYLES, LIMITED RESOURCES, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW-INCOME, MANDATES, MIGRANTS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOTHER, MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL LEVELS, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONAL POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEIGHBORHOOD, NEIGHBORHOODS, NEW TOWNS, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, NUTRITION, OVERCROWDING, PHYSICAL PLANNING, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POOR FAMILIES, POPULATION CENSUSES, POPULATION COUNCIL, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION INCREASE, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POPULATION SIZE, POTABLE WATER, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMATE CITIES, PRIMATE CITY, PROVISION OF EDUCATION, PUBLIC HOUSING, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC LAND, PUBLIC OPINION, PUBLIC SERVICES, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF SERVICES, RATE OF GROWTH, REAL ESTATE MARKETS, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL HUB, REGIONAL POLICY, REGIONAL POPULATION, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, RESIDENTIAL AREAS, RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, SECONDARY CITIES, SELF-HELP, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICED LAND, SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS, SETTLEMENT PATTERN, SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, SLUM, SLUMS, SMALL TOWNS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL PLANNING, SQUATTER, SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS, SUBDIVISIONS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL TRAINING, TOWNS, TRAFFIC, TRAINING CENTERS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIONS, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, URBAN, URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN BIAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN CHALLENGE, URBAN COMMUNITIES, URBAN CORE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ECONOMIES, URBAN EXPANSION, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN HOUSING, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN ISSUES, URBAN LAND, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN PLANNING, URBAN PLANS, URBAN POLICIES, URBAN POLICY, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATIONS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN PROJECTS, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN SERVICES, URBAN STRUCTURE, URBANISM, URBANIZATION, VILLAGES, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WEIGHT OF NUMBERS, WORKING CLASS, YOUTH, YOUTH CENTERS