Regulatory measures against outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza
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Avian influenza (AI) refers to a large group of viruses that affect birds. AI viruses are all influenza viruses of type A1, and are classified according various combinations of the two main surface antigens, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. There are 16 haemagglutinin (H) antigens (H1 to H16) and 9 neuraminidase (N) antigens (N1 to N9). A virus that has H type 1 and N type 1, for example, is classified as an H1N1 virus. Though not all H and N combinations are considered avian influenza, all kno wn subtypes of influenza A viruses can be found in birds.