Indonesia : Urban Poverty and Program Review
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Washington, DC
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This policy note provides a summary of
extensive analysis carried out on urban poverty in Indonesia
today and a review of main urban poverty programs, with the
objective of providing the basis for an urban poverty
reduction strategy. A second policy note, 'Indonesia:
evaluation of the urban Community-Driven Development, or CDD
program, Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM)' summarizes a more detailed process evaluation
that was carried out of this important program in parallel
to the urban poverty analysis and program review. The
PNPM-Urban evaluation covers issues related to internal
efficiency, distills lessons learned, and identifies options
for improving program effectiveness. The two pieces together
provide context for the review of existing programs and
strategic directions for addressing urban poverty, as well
as more specific operational recom-mendations for enhancing
impact of the PNPM-Urban Program. Section one includes this
introduction and the analytical approach of the study,
section two covers the analysis of poverty trends and
characteristics, section three includes the review urban
poverty programs and benefit incidence analysis, and section
four discusses policy implications for urban poverty reduction.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO HOUSING, ACCESS TO SERVICES, BUSINESS CLIMATE, CASH ASSISTANCE, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD LABOR, CITIES, CITIES ALLIANCE, CITIES WITHOUT SLUMS, CITY LEVEL, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMPREHENSIVE POVERTY REDUCTION, CONTAMINATION OF WATER, COST EFFECTIVENESS, CREDIT PROGRAMS, DECLINING REAL INCOMES, DISASTER RISK, DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, EVICTION, GROWTH OF SLUMS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CLINICS, HEALTH COSTS, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSING DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING FINANCE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INFORMAL WORKERS, INNER CITY, INSECURITY OF TENURE, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTEREST RATES, INTERVENTION, JOB TRAINING, LACK OF EDUCATION, LACK OF INCOME, LACK OF JOBS, LAND PRICES, LAND USE, LAND VALUES, LEGAL TITLE, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW INCOME, LOW INCOMES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARGINAL LANDS, MEANS TESTING, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATURAL HAZARDS, NEIGHBORHOOD HEALTH, NEIGHBORHOOD UPGRADING, ON URBAN POVERTY, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POLIO, POOR, POOR COMMUNITIES, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HEALTH, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR INFRASTRUCTURE, POOR NEIGHBORHOODS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR PERSON, POOR RESIDENTS, POOR URBAN COMMUNITIES, POOR URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY FOCUS, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY PROGRAMS, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY SEVERITY, POVERTY STATUS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC SPENDING, QUALITY HOUSING, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUALITY OF SERVICES, RAPID URBANIZATION, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY RATES, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL EXPENSES, SCHOOL FEES, SCREENING, SECURE EMPLOYMENT, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SLUM ALLEVIATION, SLUM AREAS, SLUM DWELLERS, SLUM IMPROVEMENT, SLUM IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS, SLUM RESIDENTS, SLUM UPGRADING, SLUM UPGRADING POLICY, SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMS, SLUM UPGRADING PROJECTS, SLUMS, SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, SSN, STAKEHOLDERS, STREET CHILDREN, STREET VENDORS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARGETING, TENURE SECURITY, TRANSPORT PLANNING, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN CONTEXT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, URBAN ENVIRONMENTS, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBAN POLICY, URBAN POOR, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATIONS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN POVERTY ANALYSIS, URBAN POVERTY REDUCTION, URBAN POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, URBAN RESIDENTS, URBAN SLUM, URBAN SLUM AREAS, URBAN SLUMS, URBAN SPRAWL, URBAN STRUCTURE, URBAN TRANSITION, URBAN UPGRADING, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION PROCESS, URBANIZING, UTILITIES, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, WATER SOURCE, WATER SUPPLY, WORKING AGE