Swaziland - Using Public Transfers to Reduce Extreme Poverty
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
The report focuses on the social safety
net, particularly cash and in-kind transfers. The safety net
can play an important role in addressing poverty and
vulnerability; however, the process by which the safety nets
have been developed in Swaziland has produced a fragmented
system that leaves many Swazis unprotected by the safety
net. Improvements in efficiency and effectiveness are both
necessary and possible. Poverty and extreme poverty in
Swaziland are both overwhelmingly rural phenomena. The
incidence of poverty is 73 percent in rural areas but only
31 percent in urban areas. Eighty-eight percent of the poor
and 95 percent of the extreme poor live in rural areas, and
the average consumption of the urban poor is 33 percent
below the poverty line while it is 51 percent below the
poverty line among the rural poor. Also, poverty is deeper
in rural areas than it is in urban areas. The objective of
this study is to identify viable ways to make the safety net
more relevant and efficient through an in-depth analysis of
poverty and vulnerability and of the efficacy of current
safety net programs. The report focuses on publicly financed
social transfers in Swaziland, including cash and in-kind
transfers. This includes programs funded by either national
or official international aid. Chapter two explores the
risks faced by the Swazis, including but not limited to
poverty. Chapter three reviews current social net programs
and expenditures and analyzes the efficiency and
effectiveness of social transfers. Chapter four analyzes
ways to target safety net programs, and chapter five
discusses options to increase the relevance and efficiency
of the safety net, particularly in light of the recent
financial crisis.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS, CASH ASSISTANCE, CASH BENEFITS, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHRONIC POVERTY, CONDITIONAL CASH, COPING STRATEGY, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, CREDIT MARKETS, DECLINE IN POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIRECT TRANSFERS, DISSEMINATION, DROUGHT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION GRANT, EDUCATION GRANTS, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, EXTENDED FAMILIES, EXTREME POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, EXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREMELY POOR PEOPLE, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY SUPPORT, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FEE WAIVERS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL CRISIS, FOOD AID, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLY, FORMAL EMPLOYMENT, FORMAL SAFETY NETS, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, GRANT PROGRAM, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEIGHT FOR AGE, HIV, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN RIGHTS, IDIOSYNCRATIC RISK, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME DYNAMICS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME POVERTY, INEQUALITY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INPUT SUBSIDIES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL AID, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, LACK OF EDUCATION, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, MALNUTRITION, MEANS TEST, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLD AGE, ORPHANS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POOR CHILDREN, POOR DISTRICTS, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR PEOPLE, POOR POPULATION, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POOR WOMEN, POORER PEOPLE, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MAP, POVERTY MAPPING, POVERTY MAPS, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY STATUS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PROTECTION SYSTEM, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, PUBLIC SAFETY NET, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC TRANSFERS, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIMENSION, RURAL PHENOMENON, RURAL POOR, SAFE WATER, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NET SYSTEM, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SCHOOL YEAR, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SHOCK, SHORT-TERM EMPLOYMENT, SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CARE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL IMPACT, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL TRANSFER, SOCIAL TRANSFERS, SOCIAL WELFARE, SSN, SUBSISTENCE, SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING, SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSFER PROGRAM, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN, VULNERABLE CHILDREN, VULNERABLE CITIZENS, VULNERABLE GROUP, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WATER SOURCES, WEALTH GROUPS, WEATHER SHOCKS, WIDESPREAD POVERTY, WORKFARE, WORKS PROGRAM, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION