Fostering Entrepreneurship in Armenia
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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A dynamic and vibrant private sector is
crucial to economic growth, with firms making new
investments, creating jobs, improving productivity, and
promoting growth. Entrepreneurial activity is pivotal to the
continued dynamism of the private sector, with the
generation of new businesses fostering competition and
economic growth. This study uses data from the new 2012
World Bank entrepreneurship survey conducted to gauge new
firm growth in the formal sector in Armenia and data from
World Bank enterprise surveys to analyze innovative activity
in existing firms. Armenia has by far the highest level of
entrepreneurial activity among the three South Caucuses
countries that were studied. Armenia's entrepreneurial
culture is built largely on the very strong math and science
foundation established during the Soviet era. However,
several factors hinder business growth and entrepreneurship.
The government could remove bottlenecks from the general
business environment that impede able entrepreneurs with
good ideas from starting a new venture and creating jobs.
This would include strengthening the business environment to
allow failure and company exit as a necessary part of
entrepreneurial learning, company incentives that favor
entrepreneurs with good ideas, instruments that enable
entrepreneurs to access capital for startups, and flexible
labor market policies that enable firms to expand by
attracting the best talent from outside the firm or the
country. The ease of paying taxes index and other business
surveys continue to cite weaknesses in the country's
tax administration, and arbitrary, corrupt behavior by tax
officials is a major impediment to the formation and success
of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The Armenian law on
bankruptcy prohibits a bankrupt natural person from starting
or partnering in a new business for five years, thus
hampering the fresh start that should be the goal of a
personal insolvency regime. Further, it requires the
bankrupt debtor and 'affiliated persons' to submit
property and income statements for three years, according to
a regulation to be issued, which can serve as a disincentive
to follow through with an insolvency proceeding.
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