Does Mandating Nondiscrimination in Hiring Practices Influence Women's Employment? Evidence Using Firm-level Data

Amin, Mohammad; Islam, Asif

Does Mandating Nondiscrimination in Hiring Practices Influence Women's Employment? Evidence Using Firm-level Data

Autores

Amin, Mohammad

Islam, Asif

Editor

World Bank Group, Washington, DC

Descripción

This study explores the relationship between mandating a nondiscrimination clause in hiring practices along gender lines and the employment of women versus men in 58 developing countries. The study finds a strong positive relationship between a nondiscrimination in hiring clause and women's relative to men's employment. The relationship is robust to several controls at the firm and country levels. The results also show sharp heterogeneity in the relationship between the nondiscrimination in hiring clause and women's versus men's employment, with the relationship being much larger in richer countries and in countries with more women in the population as well as among relatively smaller firms.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO EDUCATION, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, AID, CHILD CARE, CHILDBIRTH, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CORRUPTION, COURT, COURTS, CRIME, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC FREEDOM, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RIGHTS, ECONOMICS OF GENDER, EDUCATED WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT LAW, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPOWERMENT, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, EQUAL PAY, EQUAL TREATMENT, FEMALE, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE POPULATION, FEMALE WORKERS, FEMALES, FEMINIST, FEMINIST ECONOMICS, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, FORMS OF GENDER, GENDER, GENDER COMPOSITION, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER NEUTRAL, GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS, GENDER PARITY, GENDER SPECIFIC, GIRLS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUSBANDS, IMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INEQUALITIES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INHERITANCE, INHERITANCE RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, JOURNAL OF WOMEN, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAWS, LAWS ON WOMEN, LEGAL RIGHTS, LEGISLATION, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LOWER FERTILITY, MANDATES, MATERNITY LEAVE, MIGRATION, MOTHERS, NONDISCRIMINATION, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, OWNERSHIP RIGHTS, PARENTAL LEAVE, PARLIAMENTARY UNION, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PATRIARCHY, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL RIGHTS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROPORTION OF WOMEN, PROPORTION OF WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC POLICY, RACE, RATIO OF WOMEN, REPRODUCTION, RICHER COUNTRIES, RIGHTS FOR WOMEN, ROLE MODELS, SAFETY OF WOMEN, SEX, SEX DISCRIMINATION, SEXUALITY, SOCIAL DIMENSIONS, SOCIAL RIGHTS, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TREATY, UNMARRIED MEN, UNMARRIED WOMAN, UNMARRIED WOMEN, WAGE GAP, WILL, WOMAN, WOMEN EMPLOYEES, WOMEN EMPLOYMENT, WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT, WOMEN IN POWER, WOMEN IN SCIENCE, WOMEN PARLIAMENTARIANS, WOMEN WORKERS, WOMEN'S RIGHTS, WORKFORCE