Does Collective Action Sequester Carbon?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper estimate the effects of
collective action in Nepal’s community forests on four
ecological measures of forest quality. Forest user group
collective action is identified through membership in the
Nepal Community Forestry Programme, pending membership in
the program, and existence of a forest user group whose
leaders can identify the year the group was formed. This
last, broad category is important, because many community
forest user groups outside the program show significant
evidence of important collective action. The study finds
that presumed open access forests have only 21 to 57 percent
of the carbon of forests governed under collective action.
In several models, program forests sequester more carbon
than communities outside the program. This implies that
paying new program groups for carbon sequestration credits
under the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing
may be especially appropriate. However, marginal carbon
sequestration effects of program participation are smaller
and less consistent than those from two broader measures of
collective action. The main finding is that within the
existing institutional environment, collective action
broadly defined has very important, positive, and large
effects on carbon stocks and, in some models, on other
aspects of forest quality.
Palabras clave
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WOOD, FOREST DEGRADATION, ALTITUDE, COMMUNITY FORESTS, BASES, GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT COST, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ABSORPTION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST PEOPLE, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, FOREST CONDITION, FORESTRY SECTOR, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON CONCENTRATIONS, CARBON, ESTIMATES OF CARBON, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, TIMBER, FORESTRY PROJECT, EMISSIONS, FOREST INSTITUTION, REGENERATION, FOREST RESOURCE ASSESSMENT, ATMOSPHERE, FOREST AREAS, INCENTIVES, COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT, TROPICAL FOREST, INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, GAS, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS, FORESTRY PROGRAM, FOREST TYPE, TREES, GREENHOUSE GAS, TIMBER HARVESTS, PARTICIPATORY FORESTRY, FOREST MONITORING, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON, CARBON SEQUESTRATION CREDITS, BIOMASS, FOREST USER, CARBON CONCENTRATIONS, FOREST PRODUCTS, NATIONAL FORESTS, MANAGED FORESTS, CAPACITY, GHG, CARBON LEVELS, FOREST USERS, FOREST INVENTORY, CLOUDS, LAND USE CHANGE, BIODIVERSITY, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, DRY FOREST, RAINFALL, NATIONAL FORESTRY, FORESTRY, FOREST REGULATIONS, TROPICAL REGIONS, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST CARBON STOCK, GAS EMISSIONS, NATURAL RESOURCES, CARBON MANAGEMENT, COMMON LANDS, ABATEMENT COST, GREENHOUSE GASES, CARBON EMISSIONS, LAND USE, FOREST CARBON, FOREST FRUITS, GREENHOUSE, VEGETATIVE COVER, ECOSYSTEM, LEAD, GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT METHODS, FORESTRY RESEARCH, IPCC, CLIMATE CHANGE, CARBON STORAGE, FOREST COVER, FOREST HEALTH, LAND QUALITY, FOREST DATA, DEFORESTATION, CLIMATE, FORESTS, FOREST CARBON STOCKS, CANOPY COVER, AGRICULTURE, TROPICAL FOREST CARBON, FOREST, FOREST USE, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, FODDER, FOREST RESOURCE, ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS, FOREST COVER CHANGE, GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES, FOREST CHARACTERISTICS, DEGRADATION, EROSION, LAND, CARBON VALUES, CARBON STOCK, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, FOREST ACT, NATURAL RESOURCE, WATERSHED, TIMBER HARVEST, CARBON INVENTORY, FOREST BIOMASS, FOREST MANAGEMENT QUALITY, CONTROLLED FORESTS, CARBON STOCKS, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, COUNTRY FORESTS, LESS, FOREST OFFICER, FOREST TYPES, COMMUNITY FOREST, FOREST QUALITY, TIMBER SPECIES, GASES, FOREST AREA, GLOBAL FOREST, FOREST PRODUCT, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FOREST STANDS, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST PLOTS, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, BENEFITS, REFLECTANCE, ENERGY, FOREST COMMUNITIES