Discovering the Real World : Health Workers' Career Choices and Early Work Experience in Ethiopia
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World Bank
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The Ethiopian health sector faces a
number of challenges related to human resources, including
geographical imbalances in the distribution of health
workers, problems with job satisfaction, and a high
willingness to migrate abroad. To address these challenges
with appropriate policies, more empirical evidence is
needed. The Ethiopian Health Workers Cohort Study was set up
to produce evidence as input to policy design. To generate
insights on health workers' career choices,
preferences, and job satisfaction, the study followed the
same health workers over time. The first wave of the study
was conducted in April 2004 and surveyed 219 nursing
students and 90 medical students who were in their final
year of study. In the second wave of the survey, which took
place between May and September 2007, researchers
re-interviewed the nurses and the doctors, who had now
entered the labor market. This paper reports the descriptive
findings of the second wave as well as changes that were
identified between the two survey rounds. The report is
structured as follows. This chapter provides an overview of
the Ethiopian health sector and a brief description of the
survey methodology. Chapter two presents data on the health
professionals' current activities, including the
distribution of job functions across locations, sectors, and
facilities. Chapter three summarizes the findings on job
characteristics such as salaries and nonmonetary benefits;
it also provides information about health
professionals' level of satisfaction with job and life
of and its evolution over time. Chapter four reports the
results regarding health workers' willingness to work
in rural areas, including an analysis of the evolution of
reservation wages for work in a rural area, obtained from
responses to contingent valuation questions. Chapter five
focuses on the health worker's likelihood of migrating
abroad in the near future, again using specially designed
questions. Each chapter after chapter two starts with a
summary of the pertinent results.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, APPLICABLE LAW, CHILD MORTALITY, CLINICS, COHORT STUDIES, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DISSEMINATION, DOCTORS, EMPLOYMENT, ETHNIC GROUPS, FAMILIES, FEMALE, FEMALES, GENDER, GENERAL PRACTITIONER, GENERAL PRACTITIONERS, GPS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE PROVISION, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CENTRE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH EXTENSION, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURES, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH MANPOWER, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PLANNING, HEALTH POSTS, HEALTH PROFESSIONAL, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICE PROVISION, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH WORKFORCE, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMIGRATION, INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, ISOLATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABORATORY TECHNICIANS, LEGAL STATUS, MALARIA, MARITAL STATUS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNITY LEAVE, MEDICAL DOCTOR, MEDICAL DOCTORS, MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, MIDWIFE, MIDWIVES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MINORITY, MORTALITY, MOTHER, NURSE, NURSES, NURSING, PHARMACISTS, PHARMACY, POLICY MAKERS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC SERVICE, QUALITY EDUCATION, REHABILITATION, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL YEAR, SICK LEAVE, SPECIALIST, SPECIALISTS, TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, URBAN AREAS, VISITS, WALKING, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKERS, WORKPLACE