Exiting Belindia? Lesson from the Recent Decline in Income Inequality in Brazil
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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After decades of persistent disparities,
inequality in Brazil has fallen steadily over the last
fifteen years. This robust rate of decline has surpassed the
pace of the Latin American region as a whole, and is taking
place as inequality rises in several rapid-growth emerging
economies in other regions. This document examines the
recent trend in income inequality in Brazil, its key policy
drivers and some of the challenges ahead. It aims at
capturing some of the lessons behind Brazil?s experience to
share with other economies in the region and beyond.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCOUNTING, ADVERSE IMPACT, ADVISERS, ANNUAL CHANGE, ANNUAL GROWTH, AVERAGE CHANGE, AVERAGE INCOME, AVERAGE INCOMES, CAPITAL GAINS, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CLERKS, COL, CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENTS, COUNTERFACTUAL, DECLINING INEQUALITY, DECREASING INEQUALITY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES, DIFFERENCES IN INCOME, DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME, DRIVERS, EARNING, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC REFORMS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, EQUITABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTION, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY INCOMES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, GDP, GINI COEFFICIENT, GINI COEFFICIENTS, GINI INDEX, GRADUAL INCREASE, GROWTH COMPONENT, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERACY, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME DIFFERENTIALS, INCOME DISPARITIES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GAINS, INCOME GROUP, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITIES, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME SHARE, INCOME TAX, INCOME VARIABLES, INCOMES, INCREASING SHARE, INEQUALITY INDEX, INEQUALITY LEVELS, INEQUALITY REDUCTION, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INTERVENTIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INCOME, LABOR INCOMES, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION, MACRO POLICY, MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MACROECONOMICS, MATHEMATICS, MEAN INCOME, MIDDLE INCOME, MINIMUM LEVEL, MINIMUM WAGE, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NUTRITION, OBSERVED CHANGES, OCCUPATIONS, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA INCOMES, PERSONAL INCOME, POLICY OBJECTIVE, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY REFORMS, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, POOR, POOR CHILDREN, POOR FAMILIES, POOR GROWTH, POSITIVE EFFECT, POSITIVE IMPACT, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC TRANSFERS, REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS, REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT, REDUCING INEQUALITY, REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, RENTS, RETIREMENT, RISING INEQUALITY, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL BENEFICIARIES, RURAL INEQUALITY, RURAL WORKERS, SALARIES, SALARY, SANITATION, SECTOR EMPLOYEES, SERVANTS, SIGNALING EFFECT, SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL, SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS, SOCIAL TRANSFERS, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, TARGETED TRANSFERS, TARGETING, UNPAID WORKERS, UNSKILLED LABOR, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, WAGE INCREASES, WAGE POLICY, WAGES, WELL-BEING, WELLBEING