India - Uttarakhand Economic Assessment
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Washington, DC
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In 2010, Uttarakhand entered the second
decade of its existence as a separate State. During the
first decade, average individual incomes rose by eight ranks
in relation to the other States in India. Although these
incomes are still below the median for India, they are
growing significantly faster, which is leading to rapid
convergence with the richer States. Looking ahead, the State
can build upon its existing growth momentum, the economic
diversification that has resulted from its industrial
promotion policies, its favorable location in the dynamic
North Indian economy, and good natural resources and skills
bases to raise standards of living. This report intends to
provide inputs for development thinking that is underway
during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. It covers the
subjects of growth, inclusion, sustainability, public
finance and administration, responding to the Government s
request for a discussion of these areas. It attempts to
strike a balance between broad-brushed strategies and
specific and practical recommendations, bringing to bear
experience from other States and countries when needed. The
overall message to policymakers is: Over the next decade,
Uttarakhand should aim to become the preferred State in
North India for (a) investing in the production of high
value goods and in services; (b) livability; (c) greening;
and (d) good government. The global community, including
India s multilateral and bilateral development partners can
be rich sources of knowledge about design, funds, and
implementation support for the State Government s
development program. Early actions to engage a wide variety
of development partners is likely to help Uttarakhand
effectively and efficiently traverse a challenging and
unique development path.
Palabras clave
ACCESSIBILITY, ACCOUNTING, ADVERSE EFFECT, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURE, AIRPORTS, ASSET VALUES, AUTOMOBILE, BANK CREDIT, BANK DEPOSITS, BENEFICIARY, BID, BIDS, BUDGET FORMULATION, BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK, BUDGETING, CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT, CAPITAL GAINS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL SHORTAGES, CAPITAL STOCK, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMODITY, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, CONGESTION, CONGESTION ON ROADS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, CONVERSIONS, CORPORATE TAX, CURRENCY, DEBT, DEBT OUTSTANDING, DEMAND FOR VEHICLES, DEPOSIT, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT PATH, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC PROGRAMS, ELECTRICITY, ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, EQUIPMENT, EQUITIES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCISE DUTY, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCIAL BENEFITS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, FINANCIAL SAVINGS, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL REFORMS, FIXED CAPITAL, FLEETS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN MARKETS, FREIGHT, FREIGHT COSTS, FUND MANAGEMENT, FUTURE GROWTH, GDP, GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATIONS, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAYS, HOLDINGS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME TAX, INCOME TAX EXEMPTION, INCOMES, INFLATION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS, INTANGIBLE, INTERNAL SAVINGS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INVENTORY, INVESTING, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, INVESTMENT PROJECTS, JOINT VENTURES, LAND POLICY, LAND PRICES, LAND USE, LIBERALIZATION, LONG-TERM CAPITAL, LONG-TERM INVESTOR, MACROECONOMIC RISKS, MARKET FAILURES, MARKET PRICE, MARKET REGULATION, MICRO ENTERPRISES, MONOPOLIES, MOTOR VEHICLE, MOTOR VEHICLES, NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM, NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NOMINAL INCOME, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUTS, PATENTS, PEAK PERIOD, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POTENTIAL OUTPUT, PRIVATE CAPITAL, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE INVESTORS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROVISIONS, PUBLIC, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC FINANCES, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, RAIL, RAIL NETWORK, RAIL TRANSPORT, RAPID DEVELOPMENT, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, RAPID GROWTH, REAL ECONOMIC GROWTH, REAL GDP, REAL GROWTH RATE, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REMOTE REGIONS, RESERVE, RESERVE BANK, RESETTLEMENT, RETURN, RETURNS, ROAD, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD INVESTMENT, ROAD LINKS, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, RURAL ROADS, STAMP DUTY, SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAX, TAX COLLECTION, TAX INCENTIVES, TAX RATES, TAX REVENUE, TAXATION, TOLLS, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRADING, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT CAPACITY, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, TRAVEL TIMES, TREASURY, TRIPS, TRUCKS, TURNOVER, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN POVERTY, URBANIZATION, USER CHARGES, VALUE ADDED, VARIABLE COSTS, VEHICLE, WAGES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO