The Impacts of COVID-19 on Female Labor Force Participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Although female labor force
participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran is among the
lowest in the world, there is a lack of studies on the
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country’s female
labor force participation. This paper finds that female
labor force participation decreased during the pandemic
years by around 1 percentage point in 2021 and 2022. When
controlling for excess mortality rates, the declines
increase by as much as 3.9 and 8.7 percentage points in late
2021 and early 2022, respectively. Compared to the modest,
pre-pandemic female labor force participation rates, these
figures translate into 5 percent and 18-40 percent
decreases, respectively. There is heterogeneity, with more
educated individuals being more likely to work. Compared to
married individuals, divorcees were more likely to work, and
those who were widowed or never married were less likely to
work. The results offer relevant inputs for labor policies,
particularly those aimed at reducing gender inequalities.
Palabras clave
COVID-19, GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, SDG 3, EMPLOYMENT, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, SDG 8, WOMEN'S LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, DIFFERENCES-IN-DIFFERENCES, TRIPLE DIFFERENCES, LABOR FORCE SURVEY, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN, WELFARE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, GENDER EQUALITY, SDG 5