Investing in Smallholder Irrigation
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Smallholder irrigated horticulture has
proven to be a viable and attractive option for poor farmers
in developing countries. This paper relates two important
lessons learned: low-cost productive technologies must be
available to smallholders in terms of both location and
price and must correspond to their needs, and the importance
of a market-led approach for financing technology
acquisition. The paper concludes with the following
recommendations: use privately owned technologies to avoid
collective action problems and reliance on government
assistance -- this increases the likelihood that irrigation
assets will be maintained; consider simple technologies
such as treadle pumps and drip irrigation kits -- these
self-select for poor households; ensure that a minimum set
of resource and market conditions are satisfied before
promoting irrigation; develop supply chains that are
dominated by private entrepreneurs such as pump
manufacturers and repair shops; rethink the definition of
smallholder-irrigated agriculture in view of market
gardening -- many farmers, particularly the poorest,
irrigate plots smaller than one-tenth of a hectare;
recognize that rapid introduction of mechanized technologies
can easily overwhelm a poor smallholder in terms of capacity
-- scaling up to mechanized pumps has been demonstrated
successfully but may take time; and make sure there are
markets for the outputs, or help create them, to ensure that
increased production is profitable.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL WATER, AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT, CANALS, CASH INCOME, CROP FAILURE, CROP VARIETIES, DISCHARGE, DRIP IRRIGATION, DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, DRY SEASON, FARMER, FARMING, FOOD SECURITY, GRAVITY, GRAVITY IRRIGATION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL WATER, IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATING, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION PROMOTION, IRRIGATION SECTOR, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION WATER, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, MARKET GARDENING, MOTORIZED PUMPS, PESTICIDES, PIPE, PIPED WATER, PIPED WATER DISTRIBUTION, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR SMALLHOLDER, PROGRAMS, PUMPING, PUMPS, PVC PIPES, RAINFALL, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL FINANCE, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, SALINITY, SANITATION, SMALL FARMERS, SMALLHOLDER IRRIGATION, SPARE PARTS, SUBSISTENCE, SUBSURFACE WATER, SURFACE IRRIGATION, SURFACE WATER, TUBEWELLS, VEGETABLES, WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, WATER QUALITY, WATER SUPPLIES, WELL CAPACITY