Forced Displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Land and land-based resources are often at the center of forced displacement. A total of 45 percent of displaced persons worldwide live in sub-Saharan Africa. The duration of displacement which has now reached 20 years calls for the design of long-term solutions to avoid another cycle of conflict and displacement. Ethnic-related conflicts that lead to forced displacement may result from population growth and increased competition for land and other productive natural resources. Domesticating regional and international protocols in policies, laws and procedures can assist countries in providing protection and assistance to displaced persons, foster harmonious relations between displaced persons and their host communities, and offer support to returnees in their efforts to reintegrate and rebuild their livelihoods. Designing responsive policies and interventions on land and natural resources-based conflicts should be informed by a well-nuanced understanding of the drivers, patterns, and dynamics of the conflict. Design, formulation and implementation of interventions should be done through participatory and meaningful consultation of displaced persons, host communities and returnees to ensure they respond to their needs. The regional nature of forced displacements calls for the harmonization of policies on the movement of people, livestock, and goods. Humanitarian interventions for displaced persons should aim at encouraging voluntary return whenever it is safe to do so.