Why Should We Care About Care?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Without appropriate policies to address
the expected rise in the care burden, population aging can
reduce womens access to economic opportunities and
decelerate future growth, thereby threatening the agenda of
poverty reduction and shared prosperity in Europe and
Central Asia. Based on the analysis of existing and newly
collected quantitative and qualitative data, several key
policy recommendations can be formulated for policymakers
consideration: (a) improvement of the accessibility,
affordability, and quality of formal childcare and eldercare
options offers a way to address challenges related to
excessive reliance on informal care and to capitalize on
current opportunities; (b) the design of future demographic,
health, and education policy reforms should take into
account any potential effects on informal care providers;
(c) care leave (both paid and unpaid) can shape families
choices about care and market work; (d) flexible work
arrangements can function as effective alternatives to
unpaid leave; and (e) care-related allowances (both in-kind
and cash) aim to promote quality care for children and
elders and recognize the work of caregivers but may have
negative repercussions on caregivers labor force outcomes.
Increased recognition of the critical role of care in aging
societies and careful review of the policy environment
related to formal and informal care provision can help
governments to harness the full potential of demographics,
thereby promoting poverty reduction and shared prosperity.
Palabras clave
LIVING STANDARDS, RESIDENTIAL CARE, CAREGIVERS, RISKS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, IMPACT OF POPULATION, SOCIAL NORMS, FUTURE GROWTH, FERTILITY TRANSITION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, PEOPLE, CARE—FOR CHILDREN, OLD AGE, CARE FOR CHILDREN, BIG CITIES, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SCHOOL ENROLMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEM, SPOUSE, PSYCHOLOGY, FEWER WOMEN, PREVENTION, FAMILY SUPPORT, RURAL WOMEN, HOME CARE, LABOR FORCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PERSONS IN NEED, HEALTH CARE, GENDER EQUITY, LEGAL STATUS, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FAMILY MEMBERS, DROPOUT, HEALTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, YOUNG MOTHERS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, MEDICAL SUPPORT, FERTILITY TRENDS, VULNERABILITY, URBAN CENTER, LONGER LIFE, HOSPITAL, DAY CARE, LIFE EXPECTANCY, KNOWLEDGE, PUBLIC POLICY, MATERNITY LEAVE, LABOR MARKET, GENDER BALANCE, WORKPLACE, HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES, FAMILY POLICIES, RISING DEMAND, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, TRAINING, YOUNG COUPLES, INTERVENTION, SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, FOOD PREPARATION, BABY, FERTILITY DECLINES, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, AGING, FAMILY RELATIONS, MIGRATION, OBSERVATION, PRODUCTIVE AGES, POOR HEALTH, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, DISSEMINATION, SERVICE PROVISION, FAMILY CARE, SOCIAL SECURITY, JOB TRAINING, VICIOUS CYCLE, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, PRIMARY SCHOOL, LONE PARENTS, INTERVIEW, MENTAL HEALTH, MORTALITY, CHILD CARE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, ELDERLY, WORKING MOTHERS, RESPECT, FERTILITY LEVELS, EDUCATED WOMEN, NUMBER OF ADULTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN CAPITAL, STAGES OF LIFE, OLDER PEOPLE, INCOME SECURITY, LEISURE TIME, YOUNG AGE, WORKERS, POLICIES, QUALITY OF CARE, AGED, POPULATION STUDIES, GENDER DIFFERENCES, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, OLDER AGE GROUPS, NURSE, WOMAN, PENSIONS, SKILL LEVEL, HEALTH POLICY, PRODUCTIVE YEARS, HEALTH EFFECTS, SOCIAL POLICY, HEALTH OUTCOMES, SOCIAL ISOLATION, FAMILY INCOME, LONG-TERM CARE, URBAN AREAS, FAMILY PLANNING, STRESS, ELDERLY CARE, PROVISION OF CARE, EARLY CHILDHOOD, DECISION MAKING, SCHOOL CHILDREN, ROLE OF WOMEN, STATE RESPONSIBILITY, NUTRITION, FAMILY LEAVE, QUALITY SERVICES, MOTHER, YOUNG CHILDREN, SUPPORT TO PARENTS, QUALITY CONTROL, FINANCIAL COMMITMENT, ELDERLY PEOPLE, POLICY, QUALITY OF LIFE, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL STATUS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, SEX, FIRST BIRTH, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, CHILDREN, LABOUR FORCE, LONG- TERM CARE, PARENTAL LEAVE, RURAL AREAS, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, ISOLATION, YOUNG CHILD, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, ILLNESS, DISABILITY, OLDER PERSONS, PATERNITY LEAVE, LOWER FERTILITY, POPULATION, LABOR SUPPLY, MARITAL STATUS, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, MARRIED WOMEN, GERONTOLOGY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, FERTILITY, HOUSEHOLD WORK, SIBLINGS, REGISTRATION, FAMILIES, WOMEN, FERTILITY DECLINE, HOSPITALS, LABOR MARKETS, INTERMEDIARIES, OLDER RELATIVES, TERTIARY EDUCATION, IMPLEMENTATION, GENDER RELATIONS, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, DEMANDS ON WOMEN, GENDER EQUALITY, NURSING, SCHOOL AGE, NURSING HOMES, MATERNAL CARE