Linking sustainable human and animal African trypanosomosis control with rural development strategies
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Tsetse and trypanosomosis (T&T) affect rural communities over a huge area of Africa, impacting on the health of humans and livestock and acting as a brake on rural development. As more and more interventions against T&T are undertaken – large and small scale, farmer and project based – it is vital that they be integrated with other initiatives in the three principal sectors affected by T&T: human health, animal health and overall rural development. Concerns relating to tourism, wildlife and the environment also need to be taken into account. This paper addresses these issues within the context of a sustainable livelihoods framework that promotes an enabling environment and engagement in participatory processes. The discussion takes the reader through four stages in the planning and implementation process: priority-setting and planning; identifying, consulting and involving stakeholders; meeting the requirements for effective implementation and delivery; and, last, securing the bene fits of interventions. The latter relies not only on the existence of appropriate and enabling organizational and institutional environments but also on putting into place accompanying measures to ensure that projects achieve their goals and that these achievements are maintained and built on. In illustrating these stages, the paper draws on examples of recent interventions to deal with the problems posed by T&T, highlighting the factors that determine success and sustainability.