Old Age Income Support in the 21st century: An International Perspective on Pension Systems and Reform
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The book has a comprehensive
introduction and two main parts. Part I presents the
conceptual underpinnings for the Bank's thinking on
pension systems and reforms, including structure of Bank
lending in this area. Part II highlights key design and
implementation issues where it signals areas of confidence
and areas for further research and experience, and includes
a section on regional reform experiences, including Latin
American and Europe and Central Asia.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, AGING POPULATIONS, ANALYTICAL METHODS, ANNUITIES, ASSET MANAGEMENT, ASSET MANAGERS, ASSET VALUATION, ASSETS, BANK LENDING, BANK LOANS, BENCHMARK, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, CENTRALIZATION, CIVIL SERVICE, CIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS, CLEARINGHOUSE, COMPETITIVE BIDDING, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, CONTRIBUTION RATES, CONTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DEBT, DEFICITS, DEFINED BENEFITS, DEFINED CONTRIBUTIONS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DISABILITY PENSIONS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OUTCOMES, ECONOMICS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNALITY, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FISCAL CONDITIONS, FUNDED BASIS, FUNDED PENSIONS, FUNDED SCHEMES, FUNDED SYSTEMS, GDP, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HOUSING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME SMOOTHING, INFORMAL SECTOR, INSURANCE COMPANIES, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT RETURNS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAWS, LEGISLATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARKET ECONOMIES, MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, OLD-AGE PENSIONS, OPERATING COSTS, PENSION COVERAGE, PENSION FUNDS, PENSION LIABILITIES, PENSION PLAN, PENSION REFORM, PENSION REFORM DESIGN, PENSION REFORMS, PENSION RIGHTS, PENSION SAVINGS, PENSION SCHEMES, PENSION SYSTEM, PENSION SYSTEMS, PENSION WORK, PENSIONS, PERSONAL PENSION PLANS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRIVATE MANAGEMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC SYSTEM, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REPLACEMENT RATES, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT INCOME, RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY, RETIREMENT SAVINGS, RISK MANAGEMENT, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUBSIDIARY, SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEMES, SURVIVOR PENSIONS, TAX COLLECTION, TAX TREATMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNEMPLOYMENT, VOLUNTARY PENSION SCHEMES