Immunization Resource Tracking Exercise : Case Study on the Republic of Tajikistan
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Washington, DC
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This paper summarizes the approach and
findings of a case study of an immunization resource
tracking exercise undertaken in the Republic of Tajikistan
for 2005. The immunization resource tracking exercise in
Tajikistan was largely an exploratory exercise to examine
allocation and use of both donor and government resources
for the national immunization program and immunization
service delivery. Tajikistan was selected as the focus of
this work for several reasons: a) Tajikistan has received
significant external financing of immunization services from
the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI)
Alliance since 2001, and introduced new vaccines (Hepatitis
B) in 2002.; b) immunization program performance, measured
as the number of Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis vaccine
(DTP3) doses provided, has not increased at commensurate
levels as immunization financing; and, c) the start of a
Health public expenditure tracking survey (PETS) was an
opportunity to link immunization tracking to health resource
tracking. The study had the benefit of seeing how results in
immunization resource flows fit within those of the health
sector. This case study represents one of the first
systematic assessments of immunization resource flows at
country level.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ANNUAL REPORTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BUDGET ALLOCATION, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, BUDGET DEVELOPMENT, BUDGET EXECUTION, BUDGET FORMULATION, BUDGET INFORMATION, BUDGET PLANNING, BUDGET REQUEST, BUDGET TRANSFERS, BUDGETING, BUDGETING PROCESS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, CASH TRANSFER, CATCHMENT POPULATION, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CIVIL WAR, CLINICS, DATA ANALYSIS, DATA COLLECTION, DATA QUALITY, DECISION-MAKERS, DIPHTHERIA, DISCRETIONARY POWER, DISEASE CONTROL, DOCTORS, DONOR FINANCING, DONOR FUNDING, DONOR FUNDS, DRUGS, DUMMY VARIABLE, DUMMY VARIABLES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES, ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE, EXERCISES, EXPENDITURE REQUIREMENTS, EXPENDITURE TRACKING SURVEYS, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNAL FINANCING, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL NEEDS, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FINANCING SUSTAINABILITY, FIXED COSTS, FORECASTS, FRAUD, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GOVERNMENT FINANCING, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CLINICS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH MANPOWER, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROGRAM, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEPATITIS B, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, INCOME LEVEL, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFLATION, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INTEGRATION, INTERMEDIARIES, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INVENTORY, LACK OF CAPACITY, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL CURRENCY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MATERNITY UNITS, MEASLES, MEDICAL DOCTORS, MEDICINES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRIES OF HEALTH, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL LEVELS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF WORKERS, NURSES, OPERATIONAL COSTS, OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURES, OUTPUT LEVELS, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PATIENT, PATIENT CARE, PATIENTS, PHYSICIAN, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLIO, POLIO VACCINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PREVENTABLE DISEASES, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES, PROBABILITY, PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, PROGRAM MANAGERS, PROGRAM PERFORMANCE, PROGRAM PLANNING, PROGRAMS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY OF SERVICES, QUALITY SERVICE, QUALITY SERVICES, REGIONAL DUMMY, REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROCESS, RESOURCE AVAILABILITY, RESOURCE FLOWS, RESOURCE NEEDS, RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, RESPECT, RETURNS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOSPITALS, SECTOR BUDGET, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVISION, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, STOCKS, SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SWAP, TAXIS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TETANUS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TRUST FUND, USE OF RESOURCES, USER FEES, VACCINATION, VACCINES, WAGE EXPENDITURES, WARRANTS, WORKERS