Can Africa Claim the 21st Century?
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Major changes are needed if Africans and
their children are to claim the 21st century. With the
rapidly growing population, 5 percent annual growth is
needed simply to keep the number of poor from rising.
Halving severe poverty by 2015 will require annual growth of
more than 7 percent, along with a more equitable
distribution of income. Trends in Africa will need to change
radically for a catch-up process to materialize. This will
require determined leadership within Africa. It will require
better governance developing stable and representative
constitutional arrangements, implementing the rule of law,
managing resources transparently, and delivering services
effectively to communities and firms. It will require
greater investment in Africas people as well as measures
that encourage private investment in infrastructure and
production. And it will require better support and perhaps
more support from the international development community.
In facing these challenges, Africa has enormous potential
including the potential of its women, who now provide more
than half of the regions labor but lack equal access to
education and factors of production. This report brings
together the recent body of work particularly that emanating
from Africa itself to show how some African countries are
approaching common issues. African economies and sub-regions
are diverse and each will have to find its way to address
the challenges of the 21st century.
Palabras clave
ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES, CAPITAL MARKETS, FISH, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, EXPECTATIONS, ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, MARKET FACTORS, PRODUCERS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, PROPERTY RIGHTS, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, ECONOMIC PROCESSES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, LABOR FORCE, MARGINAL PRODUCT, POLITICAL ECONOMY, EFFECTIVE STRATEGY, REVENUES, ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, INCENTIVES, AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, EQUILIBRIUM, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES, MODELS, REAL WAGES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, CONDITIONALITY, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, CDF, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, AUDITS, RESOURCE USE, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, PRESENT VALUE, FISCAL POLICIES, OIL PRICES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, EXPLOITATION, ARABLE LAND, COMMUNAL PROPERTY, LABOR COSTS, OIL, INPUT USE, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, NATURAL CAPITAL, POPULATION GROWTH, IRREVERSIBILITY, CAPITAL FORMATION, FIXED COSTS, OPTIONS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, EXTERNALITIES, QUOTAS, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, DEBT, ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, FORESTRY, LAND RESOURCES, WELFARE GAINS, ECONOMIC POLICIES, DIVIDENDS, NATURAL RESOURCES, ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION, METALS, SUBSIDIES, EFFICIENCY, FOOD PRODUCTION, TAXES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, LAND USE, CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS, EFFECTIVE USE, GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, RESOURCES, NATURAL MONOPOLIES, UNEMPLOYMENT, POTENTIAL INVESTORS, DEREGULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, EQUITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, CONSUMPTION, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, ECONOMIC IMPACT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, WAGES, ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR, VALUES, INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION, ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM, CREDIT, QUALITY STANDARDS, PURCHASING POWER, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND, NATIONAL INCOME, MINES, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, PRICE CHANGES, ENVIRONMENTS, EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC GOVERNANCE, PROPERTY, TAX RATES, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, TRANSACTION COSTS, ENVIRONMENT, SOIL DEGRADATION, ECONOMICS, TERMS OF TRADE, SECURITIES, TAX REVENUE, CAPITAL GOODS, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE, LAND, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, TRADE TAXES, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, FARMS, ECOLOGY, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, OIL RESERVES, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, REVENUE, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, RISK MANAGEMENT, WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT, ECONOMISTS, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, PROFITS, PRODUCTION PATTERNS, ENVIRONMENTAL, LABOR MARKETS, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, PUBLIC GOOD, PRICES, DEMOGRAPHICS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIES, PUBLIC GOODS, COMPETITION, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES