Food safety and quality in the Near East and North Africa
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The FAO RNE has developed a comprehensive report that maps the food safety and quality landscape across the NENA region. Utilizing the One Health Approach and the DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework, the report explores the multifaceted drivers influencing food safety governance in the region, including demographic changes, political and economic status, water scarcity, climate change, urbanization, and global trade dynamics. The study outlines the presence of various food safety hazards such as microbial and chemical contaminants, and antimicrobial residues. It also highlights the occurrence of non-compliant practices in food production and trade, including the circulation of unauthorized agrochemicals and mislabeling incidents. These factors have implications for international trade, with several countries encountering challenges in meeting global food safety standards. The report emphasizes the importance of enhancing surveillance systems, laboratory infrastructure, and data management to support risk-based decision-making. It advocates for the institutionalization of food safety governance, the adoption of HACCP and Good Practices, and the development of traceability systems and cold chain logistics. Additionally, it identifies the need for improved coordination among stakeholders, alignment with Codex Alimentarius standards, and the establishment of science-policy platforms to support evidence-based interventions and regional harmonization efforts.This study involved a comprehensive literature review across major electronic databases, including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Additional resources from international organizations and publicly available statistical platforms were consulted to address data gaps. In total, over 400 references were reviewed, comprising peer-reviewed articles, reports, and key publications from global and national institutions spanning the years 1991 to 2024.