Missed Opportunities : Innovation and Resource-Based Growth in Latin America
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Latin America missed opportunities for
rapid resource-based growth that similarly endowed
countries-Australia, Canada, Scandinavia-were able to take
advantage of. Fundamental to this poor performance was
deficient technological adoption driven by two factors.
First, deficient national "learning" or
"innovative" capacity, arising from low investment
in human capital and scientific infrastructure, led to weak
ability to innovate or even take advantage of technological
advances abroad. Second, the period of inward-looking
industrialization discouraged innovation and created a
sector whose growth depended on artificial monopoly rents
rather than the quasi-rents arising from technological
adoption, and at the same time undermined resource-intensive
sectors that had the potential for dynamic growth.
Palabras clave
GROWTH PATTERNS, RESOURCES UTILIZATION, INNOVATIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL OBSOLESCENCE, TECHNOLOGY CHOICE, LEARNING READINESS, INNOVATION IN BUSINESS, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS & INSTRUMENTS, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, INDUSTRIALIZATION POLICY, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, GROWTH-REDUCING POLICIES AGRICULTURE, AIR, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ARBITRAGE, BEEF, BREEDING, CAPITAL FLIGHT, CATTLE, COLLUSION, COMPETITIVENESS, CROPS, DEBT, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISCOVERIES, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ENGINEERING, ENGINEERS, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, FAMILIES, FARMS, FISHING, FORESTRY, FORESTS, GDP, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INVENTIONS, IRON, KNOW-HOW, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LANDS, LAWS, LIVESTOCK, MARKETING, MINES, NATURAL RESOURCES, NET EXPORTS, NETWORKS, NEW PRODUCTS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, OPEN ECONOMIES, PASTURES, PATENTS, PERVERSE INCENTIVES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRINTING, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC GOODS, QUALITY CONTROL, ROOTS, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SCHOOLS, SHEEP, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TESTING SERVICES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE BARRIERS, UNIVERSITIES, WEALTH, WHEAT, GROWTH-REDUCING POLICIES, AGRICULTURE