Botswana Labor Market Signals on Demand for Skills
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Botswana has an official unemployment
rate of 17.8 percent. The low labor-intensity of growth is a
potential explaining factor for this high level of
unemployment. It is thus essential to analyze the role of
education and training in the access to employment. This
note finds that the role of education has changed under the
effect of schooling expansion and persistent unemployment.
Labor market institutions appear to have a limited impact on
employment and wage levels, while the importance of active
labor market programs is growing. This note aims to identify
labor market signals that point to demand for specific
current and future skills. The note seeks to answer the
following questions: does the labor market place a higher
premium on workers literacy and numeracy skills, technical
skills, or behavioral skills?; is the labor market more in
need of secondary or tertiary education graduates?; and will
growing economic sectors (for example, tourism) benefit more
by increasing the supply of sector-specific skills (for
example, through specific training for tour guides and
hospitality staff) or general skills (for example, through
training of lawyers and accountants who can be absorbed in
any sector of the economy)?.This note analyzes the following
data and documentation to identify labor market signals in
the Botswana economy: government economic growth and
diversification strategies; general labor market data; and
enterprise and employee surveys.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, ADJUSTMENT PROCESS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS, APTITUDES, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION NEEDS, BASIC EDUCATION SYSTEM, BASIC LITERACY, BASIC SKILLS, CAREER COUNSELING, CARPENTERS, CLERKS, COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS, CREATIVE THINKING, CRITICAL THINKING, DEMAND FOR EDUCATION, DIPLOMAS, DRIVERS, EARNING, EDUCATED WORKERS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION QUALITY, EDUCATION REFORM, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL CREDENTIALS, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL QUALITY, EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, EDUCATORS, ELECTRICIANS, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, ENGINEERING EDUCATION, ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS, FINDING WORK, FIRM SIZE, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FOREIGN WORKERS, FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENERAL EDUCATION, GENERIC SKILLS, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RESOURCES, IN-SERVICE TRAINING, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERVENTIONS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, JOB EXPERIENCE, JOB SKILLS, JOBS, JUNIOR CERTIFICATE, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE DEMANDS, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR ORGANIZATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR STATISTICS, LABOR UNIONS, LABOR-INTENSIVE GROWTH, LABORERS, LABOUR, LABOUR FORCE, LABOUR STATISTICS, LEADERSHIP, LEARNING, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF LITERACY, LITERACY SKILLS, LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS, NUMERACY, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, ON-THEJOB TRAINING, PAPERS, PAYING JOBS, PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT, POST SECONDARY EDUCATION, PREVIOUS WORK, PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRINTING, PRIVATE EDUCATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROBLEM SOLVING, PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PROFESSORS, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, RATES OF RETURN, READING, RETAIL TRADE, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RISING UNEMPLOYMENT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL SCHOOLS, SAFETY NET, SALARIED EMPLOYMENT, SANITATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SELF EMPLOYED, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE SECTOR, SKILL REQUIREMENTS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED MANPOWER, SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, SKILLED WORKER, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLED WORKFORCE, SKILLS ACQUISITION, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SKILLS REQUIREMENTS, SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL SKILLS, TEACHER, TEACHER EDUCATORS, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TEACHING METHODS, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICAL TRAINING, TEMPORARY WORKERS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING CURRICULA, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, TRAVEL AGENTS, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSITIES, UNPAID WORKERS, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL SKILLS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE COMPRESSION, WAGE LEVELS, WORKER, WORKFORCE SKILLS, YOUTH