Household Cooking Fuel Choice and Adoption of Improved Cookstoves in Developing Countries : A Review
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Improving access to affordable and
reliable energy services for cooking is essential for
developing countries in reducing adverse human health and
environmental impacts hitherto caused by burning of
traditional biomass. This paper reviews empirical studies
that analyze choices of fuel and adoption of improved stoves
for cooking in countries where biomass is still the
predominant cooking fuel. The review highlights the wide
range of factors that influence households cooking fuel
choices and adoption of improved stoves, including
socioeconomic (access and availability, collection costs and
fuel prices, household income, education and awareness),
behavioral (food tastes, lifestyle), and cultural and
external factors (indoor air pollution, government
policies). The paper also summarizes the evidence on the
significant adverse health impacts from exposure to indoor
smoke, especially among women and young children. In
low-income households, perceived health benefits of adopting
improved stoves and financial benefits from fuel savings
tend to be outweighed by the costs of improved stoves, even
after accounting for the opportunity cost of time spent
collecting biomass fuel. The paper identifies knowledge and
evidence gaps on the success of policies and programs
designed to scale up the adoption of improved cookstoves.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AFFORDABLE ENERGY, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AMBIENT AIR, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, ANIMAL DUNG, APPROACH, ASH, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BENZENE, BIOENERGY, BIOFUEL, BIOGAS, BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY, BIOMASS, BIOMASS BURNING, BIOMASS COLLECTION, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY PROJECTS, BIOMASS FUEL, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS SMOKE, BIOMASS STOVES, BIOMASS USE, BLACK CARBON, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, BRIQUETTES, BURNING BIOMASS, BURNING FOSSIL FUELS, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON MARKET, CARBON MITIGATION, CARBON MONOXIDE, CERAMIC LINERS, CH4, CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE, CLEAN ENERGY, CLEAN FUEL, CLIMATE, CLIMATE BENEFITS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE SYSTEM, CLOUDS, CO, CO2, COAL, COAL CONSUMPTION, COAL GAS, COAL USE, COLLECTION COSTS, COMBUSTION, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, COOK STOVES, COOKING, CROP, CROP RESIDUE, CROP RESIDUES, CRUDE OIL, DEFORESTATION, DEFORESTATION RATE, DIFFUSION, DIMETHYL ETHER, DOMESTIC ENERGY, ECOSYSTEM, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, END-USE EFFICIENCY, ENERGY ACCESS, ENERGY ASSESSMENT, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY ECONOMICS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY POVERTY, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SERVICES, ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY USE, ENERGY USES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ETHANOL, FEEDSTOCK, FERTILIZERS, FOREST AREAS, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST RESERVES, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST TRANSITIONS, FOREST ZONES, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FORMALDEHYDE, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL COLLECTION, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL COST, FUEL COSTS, FUEL DEMAND, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL PRICES, FUEL REQUIREMENTS, FUEL SOURCE, FUEL SUBSTITUTION, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL TYPES, FUEL USE, GAS STOVE, GAS STOVES, GASEOUS FUELS, GENERATION, GEOTHERMAL, GHG, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, HEAT, HIGH ENERGY CONTENT, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HYDROCARBONS, INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY, IPCC, KEROSENE, KEROSENE CONSUMPTION, LAND USE, LIGHTING, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, MAIZE, MANURE, MERCURY, METHANE, MODERN FUELS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, OILS, OPEN BURNING, ORGANIC CARBON, ORGANIC MATTER, OZONE, OZONE PRECURSORS, PAH, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PLANT OILS, POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, POWER, POWER PLANTS, PRICE OF ELECTRICITY, PRICE OF FUELS, PRICES OF COAL, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY, QUALITY FUEL, QUALITY FUELS, RADIATIVE FORCING, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, RURAL ENERGY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL VILLAGES, SMOKE, SOLID BIOFUELS, SOLID FUEL, SOLID FUELS, SORGHUM, SUGAR, SUGAR CANE, SULFUR, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE MARKET, TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL FUELS, TRADITIONAL STOVE, TRADITIONAL STOVES, TROPICAL DEFORESTATION, TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS, TROPICAL FOREST, TROPICS, UNEP, URBAN HOUSEHOLD, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, USE OF BIOMASS, USE OF BIOMASS ENERGY, WHEAT, WIND, WMO, WOOD, WOOD FUEL, WOOD PELLETS