A review of the biology and culture of Tilapia guineensis
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The paper reviews the identification, range, reproduction, fecundity, feeding habits, physiological parameters, fry rearing techniques, and the culture in ponds, enclosures, tanks, and cages of Tilapia guineensis. The fish is euryhaline, found in estuaries and lagoons of West Africa. It is a nest building substrate spawner. 2.7 mm eggs hatch in 2 days (26 C) forming 5–6 mm larvae. Number produced is 200–3000. First external food is not known. Juveniles and adults feed on benthic materials and le aves and will readily accept artificial feed. Temperature range is 14–33C. Oxygen consumption decreases from 625 to 100 mg/kg/hr with increasing weight, lower lethal oxygen level is 0.2 mg/l. Lower pH limit is 3.4. Fry are produced in ponds, tanks, and cages. Pond culture yields 1.5 to 3.3 t/ha/yr using fertilizers and feeding. In enclosure farming, growth was 0.38 g/day; growth stopped for 2 months lowering values. In tanks and cages, best growth was 0.6 g/day. Recommendations to improve growth rates include genetic selection and nutritional studies.