Early Childhood Development and Skills across the Life-Course through the Lens of the Developing Brain
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Human development and development are
inseparable, and now new evidence emerges that brain
development is the key driving mechanism behind this
association. The foundations of brain architecture are
established early in life. Critical aspects of its structure
begin to be shaped by experience before and soon after
birth. The current report discusses brain development from a
life-course perspective with a particular emphasis on early
childhood development (ECD), skills formation, resilience,
and aging. There is mounting evidence that early and
sustained investments in brain development have economic and
social returns that can benefit current and future
generations. This paper synthesizes knowledge across
multiple disciplines and is weighted towards findings from
brain sciences to encourage a new perspective on human
development initiatives among policy makers and
international development practitioners. The report
discusses the role of social policies in shaping brain
function and structure. The policy-relevant findings from
brain sciences research can greatly enhance the ability to
carry out cost-effective policies that foster human
development over the life-course, eliminate extreme poverty,
and improve shared prosperity.
Palabras clave
SKILLS, BIRTH, RESIDENTIAL CARE, CAREGIVERS, RISKS, PERSONALITY DISORDERS, TREATMENT, GENES, DIAGNOSIS, PERSONALITY, PEOPLE, STROKE, VITAMINS, PSYCHOLOGY, PREVENTION, CALORIES, DISEASE BURDEN, BRAIN, COMMUNITY HEALTH, PEDIATRICS, HEALTH CARE, DEATH, PREVALENCE, HOMEOSTASIS, AGING POPULATIONS, EFFECTS, PUBERTY, SLEEP, COGNITIVE DISORDERS, HEALTH, DEPRESSION, HOLISTIC APPROACH, TOUCH, SYNDROME, ATTRIBUTION, PUBLIC HEALTH, KNOWLEDGE, NEUROLOGY, DIABETES, MRI, PAIN, LIFE EVENTS, DISEASES, LIFE, PATIENTS, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, DNA, INTERVENTION, PHYSIOLOGY, BIRTH WEIGHT, NEGATIVE EFFECTS, ABILITY, AGING, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, OBSERVATION, VIOLENCE, INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, CHILD ABUSE, METABOLISM, DEMENTIA, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, POLLUTION, HORMONES, MENTAL HEALTH, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES, DIET, PSYCHIATRY, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, WORKERS, AGED, ADOLESCENCE, AUDITION, FETUS, AGE, LIFESTYLE, CHILDHOOD, MEDICINE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PARENTING, HYGIENE, NERVOUS SYSTEM, NUTRITION EDUCATION, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, STRESS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, DECISION MAKING, COHORT STUDIES, MALNUTRITION, MEASUREMENT, NUTRITION, CLINICAL MEDICINE, PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, ADOLESCENTS, EARLY YEARS, ABNORMALITIES, ELDERLY PEOPLE, COGNITIVE PROCESSES, INTERNET, RISK FACTORS, WEIGHT, PREGNANT WOMEN, MATERNAL HEALTH, PATHOLOGY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, OBESITY, CHILDREN, EXERCISE, DISEASE, ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, IMPAIRMENTS, EXPERIENCE, INFECTIONS, REHABILITATION, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, VISION, EARLY DETECTION, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS, STARVATION, GERONTOLOGY, STRATEGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILIES, ADRENAL GLANDS, IMPLEMENTATION, MENTAL, PREGNANCY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, STORAGE