China - International Experience in Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for Brownfield Site Management
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World Bank
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Recurring environmental incidents have
led to increased public awareness of the threats of
environmental pollution to public health and rapid
urbanization is driving up land prices in Chinese cities. As
a result of these developments, industrial plant relocations
are numerous, particularly of heavily polluting industrial
plants, such as pesticide, coke, steel plants, and chemical
industry plants. These relocations are leaving behind many
contaminated sites in the cities, sometimes with various
pollutants, as well as complex and serious soil and
groundwater contamination. It has become increasingly clear
that China needs a comprehensive policy, regulatory,
technical, financial, and management framework to
effectively track, evaluate and clean up the numerous
contaminated sites. Currently, China has no specific law
regulating contaminated site remediation and management.
Soil protection provisions do exist in some generic
legislation, in the form of air and water protection laws,
solid waste laws, and toxic substance control acts. However,
due to their different objectives and scopes, they are often
aimed at different aspects of the issue. As a result,
existing provisions, even if fully implemented, may not
fully cover the whole range of threats related to site
contamination. Hence, learning from the experiences of other
countries is essential for the Chinese government to
increase its capacity and preparedness to manage issues
related to site contamination.
Palabras clave
ACCIDENTAL RELEASES, AGGRESSIVE, AIR QUALITY, BROWNFIELD, BROWNFIELD PROGRAMS, BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT, BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION, BROWNFIELD SITES, BROWNFIELDS, CANCER, CERCLA, CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN AIR ACT, CLEAN WATER, CLEAN WATER ACT, CLEANUP, CLEANUP COSTS, CLEANUP PROCESS, COKE, COMBUSTION, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, CONCENTRATION LEVELS, CONTAMINATED LAND, CONTAMINATED SITE MANAGEMENT, CONTAMINATED SITE REMEDIATION, CONTAMINATED SITES, CONTAMINATED SOIL, CONTAMINATION CONTAINMENT, DEATHS, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIOXINS, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT, EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, EROSION, EXPOSURE PATHWAYS, FACTORIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATIONS, GROUNDWATER MONITORING, GROUNDWATER POLLUTION, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT, HEALTH RISKS, HUMAN HEALTH, HYDROCARBONS, INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL SITES, INJURIES, INTERVENTION, INVESTIGATIONS, JURISDICTION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND USE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL DIRECTIVE, LANDFILLS, LANDSLIDES, LAWS, LEACHATE, LIABILITY, LITIGATION, METALS, MIGRATION, MONITORING WELLS, NATIONAL LEGISLATION, OIL, OIL REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, ORGANIC MATTER, PESTICIDES, PETROCHEMICAL, PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, POLLUTANT, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE, POLLUTERS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION ISSUES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POTENTIALLY RESPONSIBLE PARTIES, PRELIMINARY SITE INVESTIGATION, PRP, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEARINGS, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, QUALITY STANDARDS, RECYCLING, REMEDIATION, REMEDIATION COSTS, RESEARCH PROJECTS, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SCREENING, SEWAGE, SITE, SITE CLEANUP, SITE INVESTIGATION, SLUDGE, SOIL CLEANUP, SOIL CLEANUP CRITERIA, SOIL CONTAMINATION, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL POLLUTION, SOLID WASTE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TANKS, TOXIC CHEMICALS, TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL, TOXIC SUBSTANCES, TOXIC WASTE, TOXICITY, TRANSACTION COSTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UST, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WASTE, WASTES, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WORKERS