Vietnam Urban Wastewater Review
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Washington, DC
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Vietnam is facing the challenge of
trying to keep pace with increasing environmental pollution
associated with rapid urbanization, especially in the larger
cities. Over the past 20 years, the Government of Vietnam
has made considerable effort to develop urban sanitation
policies, legislations and regulations, and to invest in
urban sanitation including wastewater treatment systems.
This study is one of three country studies conducted in the
emerging countries of Vietnam, the Philippines, and
Indonesia as part of the East Asian urban sanitation review.
It reviews the effectiveness of the wastewater sector in
Vietnam and makes recommendations to the Government on
actions to scale up the sector to improve its performance.
Lessons that emerge from this study can be considered for
the on-going and or the next generation of wastewater systems.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT, AGRICULTURAL WASTES, AMMONIA REMOVAL, ANAEROBIC FILTERS, AQUACULTURE, AUGMENTATION, BENEFITS OF SANITATION, BIOGAS, BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, BOD, BROAD RANGE, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENT AREA, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, COD, COLLECTION SYSTEMS, COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW, COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS, COMBINED SEWERAGE, COMBINED SEWERS, COMPOST, COMPOSTING, CONNECTION, CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS, CONSTRUCTION, CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE, COST RECOVERY, CUBIC METERS, CUBIC METERS PER DAY, DIGESTERS, DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER, DOMESTIC WASTEWATER, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DRAIN, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE FACILITIES, DRAINAGE NETWORK, DRAINAGE SYSTEM, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRAINAGE WORKS, DRAINS, DRYING BEDS, EFFLUENT DISCHARGE, EFFLUENT QUALITY, EFFLUENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, FLOOD CONTROL, GROUNDWATER, HIGH LEVELS, HOUSE CONNECTIONS, HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION, HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS, HOUSEHOLD SANITATION, HOUSEHOLDS, HYGIENE, IMHOFF TANKS, INADEQUATE SANITATION, INCOMING WASTEWATER, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, INDUSTRIAL WATER, INFILTRATION, INVESTMENT COSTS, INVESTMENT PLANNING, IRRIGATION, LAKES, LANDFILLS, LARGE CITIES, LARGE CITY, LIME, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL WATER, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITRIFICATION, ODOR CONTROL, ORGANIC LOAD, ORGANIC MATTER, ORGANIC WASTES, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, OXYGEN DEMAND, PATHOGENS, PERCOLATION, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PH, PIPED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, PIPED WATER, PIPELINES, PIPING, PITS, PM, POLLUTION, POND, POND SYSTEMS, POPULATION DENSITY, POWER CONSUMPTION, PRETREATMENT, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SANITATION, PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES, PUBLIC SEWER SYSTEM, PUBLIC UTILITIES, PUBLIC WORKS, PUMPING, PUMPING STATIONS, QUALITY OF WASTEWATER, RAINWATER, RAPID URBANIZATION, RECEIVING WATERS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCE RECOVERY, RIVER BASINS, RUNOFF, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SAFE DISPOSAL, SANITATION, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION DEVELOPMENT, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION FACILITY, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION MANAGEMENT, SANITATION POLICIES, SANITATION POLICY, SANITATION PROBLEMS, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION PROGRAMS, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SEPARATE SEWERAGE, SEPTIC TANK, SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENT, SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS, SEPTIC TANKS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SEWAGE, SEWAGE COLLECTION, SEWAGE SLUDGE, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS, SEWERAGE NETWORK, SEWERAGE SERVICE, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SEWERAGE SYSTEM, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SLUDGE DISPOSAL, SLUDGE DRYING, SLUDGE DRYING BEDS, SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS, SOILS, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, STABILIZATION, STABILIZATION PONDS, SUSPENDED SOLIDS, TARIFF REFORM, TARIFF SETTING, TIN, TOILETS, TOWNS, TREATED WASTEWATER, TREATMENT PLANT, TRICKLING FILTERS, TRUNK SEWERS, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN COMMUNITY, URBAN DRAINAGE, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN SANITATION, URBAN SANITATION PROBLEMS, URBAN SEWERAGE, URBAN WASTEWATER, URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT, USERS, VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS, WASTEWATER COLLECTION, WASTEWATER DISCHARGE, WASTEWATER ENTERPRISES, WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT, WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, WASTEWATER REGULATIONS, WASTEWATER SECTOR, WASTEWATER SERVICES, WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS, WASTEWATER SYSTEM, WASTEWATER SYSTEMS, WASTEWATER TARIFF, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY, WASTEWATERS, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPPLY, WATER TARIFFS, WATER USE