Gender Equality and Economic Development: The Role for Information and Communication Technologies
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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The author focuses on the role that
information and communication technologies (ICTs) can play
in improving gender equality, so as to enhance long-term
economic growth. Employing OLS and IV panel regressions with
country fixed-effects, he shows that increases in the level
of ICT infrastructure tend to improve gender equality in
education and employment. In addition, the author shows that
education among the general population is important for
improving gender equality. The results provide evidence
indicating that gender equality in education is an important
contributor to gender equality in employment. Lastly, the
results show that economic development tends to lead to some
improvements in gender equality in the labor market. Hence,
the use of ICTs to improve gender equality in education and
employment may initiate a continuous cycle of positive
reinforcing feedback effects between gender equality in
employment and economic development, leading to further
improvements in both.
Palabras clave
ACTIONS, ACTS, ADDITIONAL RESOURCES, AGED, CITIZENSHIP, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS, EMPLOYMENT, EQUIPMENT, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALES, FERTILITY DECLINE, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER ROLES, GIRLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, HOMES, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN RIGHTS, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, INFORMAL SECTOR, INNOVATION, ISOLATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LEARNING, LEGAL RIGHTS, LEGAL STATUS, LITERACY, MALE STUDENTS, MEDIA, NEGATIVE EFFECTS, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATIOS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOME GROWTH, POSITIVE IMPACT, PRIVATE EDUCATION, PUBLIC SERVICES, RADIO, REFUGEES, RURAL AREAS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE INDUSTRIES, SIBLINGS, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHERS, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TRADITIONAL GENDER, UNEMPLOYMENT, UPBRINGING, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, WORKERS, YOUTH GENDER EQUALITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS, INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, GIRL'S EDUCATION, WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT, LABOR MARKET NEXUS