Emerging Europe and Central Asia - Opportunities for men and women

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2012-03-19T10:14:21Z
dc.date2012-03-19T10:14:21Z
dc.date2011-12-06
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:53:50Z
dc.descriptionEurope and Central Asia have suffered a setback in economic growth because of the recent global crisis, which revealed fundamental structural weaknesses previously hidden by the prosperity before the crisis. The major weaknesses are the large savings deficits, the lagging reforms in the social sectors, and the deterioration in competitiveness. Policies can address these weaknesses by taking into account the role of the behavior of firms, public spending on health and education, the consequences of demographic pressures, particularly on pension systems, and the bottlenecks created by skilled labor force shortages. This report reviews the performance of women and men during the past decade in three spheres: human capital, labor markets, and entrepreneurship. Similar to World Development Report 2012 (World Bank 2011a), it looks at the dimensions of endowments and economic opportunities. However, it does not cover issues related to agency, that is, the ability of actors to make independent choices and exercise control over their own actions. The data are analyzed to determine whether women and men are performing well compared with each other, but also how they fare in a global context. The analysis is primarily quantitative and mines various data sets. This is strength of the report because a quantitative analysis can add value by providing some measure of the degree of differences in the outcomes observed. Yet, it is a weakness as well because the outcomes are measured, but not always explained. Consequently, more work is needed in this area, especially qualitative analysis that is followed up by targeted quantitative surveys.
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dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120208223659
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2820
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/2820
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/412622
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO JOBS
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectADULT MEN
dc.subjectADULT MORTALITY
dc.subjectALCOHOL ABUSE
dc.subjectALCOHOLISM
dc.subjectBABY
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
dc.subjectCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
dc.subjectCAUSES OF DEATH
dc.subjectCHANGES IN FERTILITY
dc.subjectCHILD CARE
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD-CARE
dc.subjectCHILDBIRTH
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectDECLINE IN FERTILITY
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHERS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
dc.subjectDEPENDENCY RATIO
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PLANS
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectDRUG ABUSE
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectELDERLY PEOPLE
dc.subjectELDERLY PERSONS
dc.subjectELDERLY POPULATION
dc.subjectELDERLY WOMEN
dc.subjectEMERGENCY CARE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFAMILY POLICIES
dc.subjectFAMILY WORK
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectFEMALE MORTALITY
dc.subjectFEMALE POPULATION
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectFEWER CHILDREN
dc.subjectFIRST BIRTH
dc.subjectFORMS OF CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectFREEDOM OF CHOICE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ACTION
dc.subjectGENDER BIAS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAP IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectGENDER GAP IN PRIMARY
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS IN LITERACY
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCE
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCES
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGENDER ISSUES
dc.subjectGENDER NEUTRAL
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectGROWING HEALTH CRISIS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHIGH DEATH RATES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectILL HEALTH
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectLARGE FAMILIES
dc.subjectLEVELS OF MORTALITY
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIFE SPANS
dc.subjectLIFELONG LEARNING
dc.subjectLIFESTYLES
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLONGER LIFE
dc.subjectLOW FERTILITY
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMALE MORTALITY
dc.subjectMALE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMINORITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF DEATHS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PERSONS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectOLD AGE
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectPARENTAL LEAVE
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLICY RESPONSE
dc.subjectPOOR GIRLS
dc.subjectPOOR HEALTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION EXPLOSION
dc.subjectPOPULATION PROFILES
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPHERE
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRELIANCE ON ABORTION
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subjectRESOURCE NEEDS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVELS
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSEX RATIOS
dc.subjectSINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectSKILL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSTUDENT ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE FARMING
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY LEVEL
dc.subjectTERTIARY LEVELS
dc.subjectTRAINING WOMEN
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectWOMEN IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectWORK EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectWORK FORCE
dc.subjectWORKING POPULATION
dc.subjectWORKING WOMEN
dc.subjectWORKING-AGE POPULATION
dc.subjectYOUNG ADULTS
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.subjectYOUNG GIRLS
dc.subjectYOUNG MEN
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG POPULATIONS
dc.titleEmerging Europe and Central Asia - Opportunities for men and women

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