Nepal : Public Expenditure Review, Volume 3. Social Sectors
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Washington, DC
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The report is an overview of
Nepal's economic development, comprising five volumes,
which include the main report, followed by reviews on
agricultural and rural development, on the social sectors,
and, the transport sector. Although development progress is
noteworthy in many areas, considerable evidence of improper
resource spending exist, thus, the main objective of this
report is to identify the incentives, and institutional
factors that contributed to this spending, and propose
recommendations. Systemic factors have consistently hindered
implementation, and development results, such as deficient
budget planning, resource allocation, and expenditure
management, coupled with the lack of ownership of projects,
and programs which contributed to poor performance.
Institutional weakness, and governance issues remain the
most critical aspects affecting effectiveness of public
spending across sectors in Nepal. The report suggests that
traditional budget reforms alone, will not be effective to
improve public resource management, rather, changes in the
political environment, and institutional capacity are
required, prior to the much needed reforms. Given the fiscal
constraints, the government should promote private
participation to undertake economic activities, and, further
enhance and promote, public involvement in social sectors
development, and greater local ownership of public
expenditure programs.
Palabras clave
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INDICATORS, PUBLIC SPENDING, GOVERNANCE, GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, BUDGETARY POLICY, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORT SECTOR MANAGEMENT, HEALTH FINANCE, EDUCATIONAL FINANCING, REVENUE MOBILIZATION, REFORM POLICY, ALLOCATION OF GOVERNMENT RESOURCES, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING, FISCAL CONSTRAINTS ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, AGED, ANALYTICAL WORK, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, AVAILABLE DATA, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS, BUDGETARY RESOURCES, CITIZENS, CLEAN WATER, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COST RECOVERY, DEBT, DEBT SERVICE RATIO, DECENTRALIZATION, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMISTS, EMPLOYMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXTERNAL DEBT, EXTERNALITIES, FAMILIES, FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS, FISCAL, FOREIGN ASSISTANCE, FORESTRY, GNP, GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES, GOVERNMENT FINANCE, GOVERNMENT FUNDING, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, GOVERNMENT RESOURCES, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, GOVERNMENT SECTOR, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH PROVISION, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INSURANCE MARKETS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE SURVEY, LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY, LEPROSY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG TERM, LOW INCOME, MALARIA, MALNUTRITION, MARGINAL BENEFITS, MARKET FAILURES, MEASLES, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, MORTALITY, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL PLANNING, NATIONS, NON- PROFIT, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, PATIENTS, POLICY ANALYSIS, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR PEOPLE, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, QUALITY OF LIFE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, SAVINGS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SECTOR, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL EXPENDITURES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, WATER SUPPLY