Schooling, Violent Conflict, and Gender in Burundi

Van Bavel, Jan; Verwimp, Philip

Schooling, Violent Conflict, and Gender in Burundi

Autores

Van Bavel, Jan

Verwimp, Philip

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper investigates the effect of exposure to violent conflict on human capital accumulation in Burundi. It combines a nationwide household survey with secondary sources on the location and timing of the conflict. Only 20 percent of the birth cohorts studied (1971-1986) completed primary education. Depending on the specification, the probability of completing primary schooling for a boy exposed to violent conflict declines by 7 to 17 percentage points compared to a nonexposed boy, with a decline of 11 percentage points in the preferred specification. In addition, exposure to violent conflict reduces the gender gap in schooling, but only for girls from nonpoor households. Forced displacement is one of the channels through which conflict affects schooling. The results are robust to various specifications and estimation methods.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ADEQUATE NUTRITION, ADULT MORTALITY, AGE AT MARRIAGE, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, ARMED CONFLICT, BATTLES, BOMBING, BOMBINGS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILD LABOR, CHILD SOLDIERS, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COMPLETION RATE, CONFLICTS, DEATHS, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISEASES, DISPLACEMENT CAMP, DISPLACEMENT CAMPS, DROUGHT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY ONSET, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EDUCATION DATA, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL PLANNING, ELECTIONS, EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE, EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, FAMINE, FARMERS, FEMALE ENROLLMENT, FERTILITY, FERTILITY DECLINE, FIGHTING, FIRST BIRTH, FOOD CROPS, FORMAL EDUCATION, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAP IN PRIMARY, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER PARITY, GENDER PARITY INDEX, GENDER ROLES, GENOCIDE, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBANDS, IMF, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, INCOME, INEQUALITY, INFORMAL INSURANCE, INFORMAL INSURANCE MECHANISMS, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERVENTIONS, JOURNALISTS, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIMITED RESOURCES, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, MALNUTRITION, MARRIED COUPLE, MASSACRES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINORITY, MOTHER, NATIONAL PROGRESS, NATIONS, NEO, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF GIRLS, ORPHANS, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL POWER, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, POOR, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY HEAD, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATE, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PROGRESS, RAPE, REBEL, REBEL BASE, REBELS, RECONCILIATION, RECONSTRUCTION, REFUGEES, RESPECT, REVOLUTION, ROADS, RURAL, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL PROVINCES, SAVINGS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOL CAREER, SCHOOL DROPOUTS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLING FOR GIRLS, SCHOOLING OF BOYS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SEX, SEX OF THE CHILD, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SPOUSES, SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, TEACHERS, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, UNESCO, UNFPA, VICTIMS, VILLAGE LEVEL, VIOLENCE, VIOLENT CONFLICT, WAR, WARFARE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG ADULT, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG WOMEN