Risk-based inspection: From risk categorization to implementation
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Food safety is essential to protect public health and support economic development. Each year, millions of people fall ill from foodborne hazards, resulting in preventable deaths and significant economic losses. Ensuring safe food requires coordinated action across the entire food chain and the effective management of food safety risks.Governments play a central role by establishing, implementing, and enforcing regulatory frameworks through robust national food control systems. These systems integrate the activities of all Competent Authorities to ensure that food is safe, wholesome, and suitable for human consumption, while also promoting preventive and educational approaches. Although food business operators bear primary responsibility for food safety, governments are responsible for oversight, consumer protection, and ensuring fair practices in food trade.This FAO Resource Kit, comprising 14 modules, builds on Codex Alimentarius principles and provides practical guidance for designing, implementing, and maintaining risk-based food inspection programmes. At its core is a risk categorization framework that enables Competent Authorities to prioritize inspections and allocate limited resources to food business operators presenting the highest risks to public health.