Bridging the Gap
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This report is intended to inform
public debate and policymaking on income inequality in
Thailand. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of
income inequality in Thailand and identify opportunities to
promote more inclusive growth. The analysis uses a wealth of
data from a variety of sources (detailed in Appendix A) to
examine the pattern, structure, and drivers of income
inequality in the country, with a special focus on
inequality and labor market supply-side factors. It is
structured as follows. This section has laid the foundation
for analysis, examining historical trends in both
consumption - and income-based measures of inequality while
providing geographic context and data on public perceptions
about inequality. It also provided a summary of literature
findings. Section 2 analyzes the pandemic’s impacts on
inequality, including the role that social assistance played
in mitigating its effects but also the potential scarring
effects on children’s human capital development. Section 3
examines the structural drivers of inequality and its
persistence, focusing on the role of inequality of
opportunity in human capital development and access to basic
services. Finally, Section 4 provides policy options to
create a more inclusive society by addressing the root
causes of persistent inequality and mitigating the
challenges brought about by the pandemic. In particular,
since a significant share of the poor in Thailand are
engaged in agriculture, the report underscores that
improving farm incomes is crucial for alleviating poverty
and reducing inequality. As such, Section 4 draws its
recommendations from a recent study on the key challenges
and opportunities facing Thai farmers to raise agricultural
productivity and incomes
Palabras clave
INCOME INEQUALITY, STRUCTURAL DRIVERS, INCLUSIVE SOCIETY, WAGE, EMPLOYMENT