The Impact of EU Accession on Human Capital : Formation - Can Migration Fuel a Brain Gain?
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Can a brain drain be good for
development? Many studies have established the theoretical
possibility of such a brain gain. Yet it is only recently
that the relaxation of data constraints has allowed for
sound empirical assessments. In utilizing the dramatic
policy change that accompanied European Union accession as a
natural experiment, this paper is able to assuage fears of
reverse causality between migration and human capital
formation. The results highlight a significant impact of
European Union accession on human capital formation
indicating that the prospect of migration can indeed fuel
skill formation even in the context of middle-income
economies. And, if accompanied by policies to promote return
migration, as well as a functioning credit market to enable
private investment, international labor mobility could
represent a powerful tool for growth.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ANALYTICAL METHODS, BENCHMARK, BRAIN DRAIN, BUSINESS SCHOOL, CAPITAL FLIGHT, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL STOCKS, CITIZENS, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, CREDIT MARKET, DEREGULATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATED ADULTS, EDUCATED WORKFORCE, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS, EMIGRATION POLICIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENROLLMENTS, ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITY, FISCAL LOSS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN STUDENTS, FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GRADUATE STUDENTS, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, IMPERFECT INFORMATION, INCOME, INCREASING RETURNS, INEQUALITIES, INEQUALITY, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOB MARKET, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE SURVEY, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR RELATIONS, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LITERATURE, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, MIGRANT, MIGRATION, MIGRATION DATA, MIGRATION FLOWS, MOTIVATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA, NATIONAL OUTPUT, NETWORK EXTERNALITIES, OPPORTUNITY COST, PAPERS, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRESS, RENTS, RESPECT, RETURN MIGRATION, RISK AVERSION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SKILL LEVEL, SKILL LEVELS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL SECURITY, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY ENROLLMENT, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRANSPORTATION, TREATY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNION, UNSKILLED WORKERS, UTILITY FUNCTION, WAGES, WEALTH, WORKFORCE